270 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



1. E. hieracifblia, Raf. (FIRE WEED.) Often hairy; stem grooved 

 (l-5 high); leaves lanceolate or oblong, acute, cut-toothed, sessile; the 

 upper with an auricled clasping base. (Senecio hieracifolius, L.) Moist 

 woods : common, especially northward, and in recent clearings, where the 

 ground has been burned over ; whence the popular name. July - Sept. 



62. CACALIA, L. INDIAN PLANTAIN. 



Heads 5 - many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales of the 

 involucre in a single row, with a few bractlets at the base. Receptacle naked. 

 Corolla deeply 5-cleft. Achenia oblong, smooth. Pappus of numerous capil- 

 lary bristles. Smooth and tall perennial herbs, with alternate often petioled 

 leaves, and rather large heads, in flat corymbs. Flowers white or whitish. 

 (An ancient name, of uncertain meaning.) 



# Involucre 25 - 30 flowered, with several bracts at its base : receptacle flat. 



1. C. Sliav6olens, L. Stem grooved (3 -5 high); leaves triangular- 

 lanceolate, halberd-shaped, pointed, serrate, those of the stem on winged petioles. 

 Rich woods, Connecticut to Wisconsin and Kentucky : rare. Sept. 



# * Involucre 5-leaved and ^-flowered, its bracts minute or none : receptacle bearing 



a more or less evident scale-like pointed appendage in the centre. 



2. C. reniformis, Muhl. (GREAT INDIAN PLANTAIN.) Stem (4 -9 

 high) grooved and angled ; leaves green both sides, dilated fan-shaped, or the lowest 

 kidney-form (l-2 broad), repand-toothed and angled, palmately veined, peti- 

 oled ; the teeth pointed ; corymbs large. Rich damp woods, New Jersey to 

 Illinois, and southward along the mountains. Aug. 



3. C. atriplicif61ia, L. (PALE INDIAN P.) Stem terete (3 -6 high), 

 and with the palmately veined and angulate-lobed leaves glaucous; lower leaves 

 triangular-kidney-form or slightly heart-shaped ; the upper rhomboid or 

 wedge-form, toothed. Rich woodlands, W. New York to Wisconsin, and 

 southward. Aug. 



4. C. tuberbsa, Nutt. (TUBEROUS INDIAN?.) Stem angled and grooved 

 (2 -6 high), from a thick or tuberous root; leaves green both sides, thick, 

 strongly 5 - 7 '-nerved ; the lower lance-ovate or oval, nearly entire, tapering into 

 long petioles ; the upper on short margined petioles, sometimes toothed at the 

 apex. Wet prairies, &c., Ohio to Wisconsin, and southward. June. 



63. SENECIO, L. GROUNDSEL. 



Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular, or mostly with 

 radiate marginal ones ; the rays pistillate. Scales of the involucre in a single 

 row, or with a few bractlets at the base. Receptacle flat, naked. Pappus of 

 numerous very soft and slender capillary bristles. Herbs, in the United States, 

 with alternate leaves and solitary or corymbed heads. Flowers chiefly yellow. 

 (Name from senex, an old man, alluding to the hoary hairs which cover many 

 species, or to the white hairs of the pappus. ) 



* Root annnal or in No. 3 biennial : heads several or many in a corymb : herbage 



