COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 275 



1. O. ACANTHIUM, L. Stem (2 -4 high) and leaves cotton- woolly ; scales 

 linear-awl-shaped. Roadsides and waste places : rather rare. July - Sept. 

 (Adv. fromEu.) 



70. LAPP A, Toura. BURDOCK. 



Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and similar. Involucre globular ; 

 the imbricated scales coriaceous and appressed at the base, tipped with an abrupt 

 and spreading awl-shaped hook-pointed appendage. Keceptacle bristly. Ache- 

 nia oblong, flattened, wrinkled transversely. Pappus short, of numerous rough 

 bristles, not united at the base, deciduous. Coarse biennial weed, with large 

 unarmed and petioled leaves, and small solitary or clustered heads : flowers 

 purple, rarely white. (Name from XajSeii/, to lay hold, the involucre forming a 

 hooked bur which holds tenaciously to the dress, or the fleece of animals.) 



1. L. OFFICINA.LIS, Allioni. Waste places and around dwellings, in ma- 

 nured soil. The var. MAJOR (COMMON BURDOCK) has the involucre smoothish ; 

 leaves loosely whitish-cottony beneath or becoming smooth, the upper ovate, 

 lower heart-shaped. Var. TOMENT6SA has the involucre cottony, and is rare. 

 Var. MINOR has smaller heads with smooth involucre, and smaller smoothish 

 leaves, often tapering at the base ; occasionally cut-toothed or laciniate-lobed. 

 (Uxbridge, Mass., Dr. Bobbins.) July -Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



SUBORDER II. LIGULTFL.OR^;. (CICHORACE.E.) 



71. LAMPSANA, Tourn. NIPPLE-WORT. 



Heads 8- 12-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect, in one 

 row. Receptacle naked. Achenia oblong. Pappus none. Slender branch- 

 ing annuals, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panicled small heads : 

 flowers yellow. (The Aa/n/x-aVi/ of Dioscorides was evidently a wild Mustard.) 



1. L. coMMtiNis, L. Nearly smooth ; lower leaves ovate, sometimes lyre- 

 shaped. Roadsides, near Boston, Buffalo, &c. (Adv. from Eu.) 



72. CICHORIUM, Toura. SUCCORY or CICHORY. 



Heads several-flowered. Involucre double ; the outer of 5 short spreading 

 scales, the inner of 8-10 scales. Achenia striate. Pappus of numerous small 

 chaffy scales, forming a short crown. Branching perennials, with deep roots ; 

 the sessile heads 2 or 3 together, axillary and terminal. Flowers bright blue or 

 varying to purple, showy. (Altered from the Arabian name of the plant.) 



1. C. INTYBUS, L. Stem-leaves oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, the 

 lowest runcinate, those of the rigid flowering branches minute. Roadsides : 

 common near the coast, especially in E. Mass. July -Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



73. KBIGIA, Schreber. DWARF DANDELION. 



Heads 1 5 - 20-flowered. Scales of the involucre several, in about 2 rows. 

 Achenia top-shaped, many-striate or angled. Pappus double ; the outer of 5 



