PRIMULACE^E. (PRIMROSE FAMILY.) 313 



scapes branched into panicles. (SrartKq, an ancient name given to this or some 

 other herb, on account of its astringency.) 



1. S. Lim6nium, L. Leaves oblong, spatulate, or obovate-lanceolate, 1- 

 ribbed, tipped with a deciduous bristly point, petioled ; scape much-branched, 

 corymbose-panicled (l-2 high) ; spikelets 1 -3-flowered; calyx-tube hairy on 

 the angles, the lobes ovate-triangular, with as many teeth in the sinuses. 

 Root thick and woody, very astringent. Flowers lavender-color. (Eu.) 



Var. Caroliniana (S. Caroliniana, Walt., &c.), the plant of the Northern 

 States, has a hollow scape, more erect branches, at length scattered flowers, and 

 sharper calyx-lobes. Salt marshes along the coast, extending northward (where 

 it passes into S. Bahusiensis, Fries). Aug., Sept. (Eu.) 



ORDER 64. PRIMUJLACE^E. (PRIMROSE FAMILY.) 



Herbs, with simple leaves, and regular perfect flowers, the stamens as many 

 as the lobes of the monapetalous (rarely polypetalous) corolla and inserted 

 opposite them, a l-celled ovary with a central free placenta rising from the 

 base, bearing several or many seeds. Calyx free from the ovary, or in 

 Samolus partly coherent. (Corolla none in Glaux.) Stamens 4 or 5, 

 rarely 6 or 8. Style and stigma one. Seeds with a small embryo in fleshy 

 albumen, amphitropous and fixed by the middle, except in Tribe 4. 



Tribe I. PROIUIjE^E. Pod free from the calyx, opening by valves or teeth. 

 * Stemless : leaves all in a cluster from the root. 



1. Primula. Corolla funnel-form or salver-shaped, open at the throat. Stamens included. 



2. Audrosace. Corolla short, very small, constricted at the throat. Stamens included. 



3. Dodecatlieon. Corolla reflexed, 5-parted. Stamens exserted : filaments united. 



* * Stems leafy : corolla wheel-shaped (or in Glaux none). 



4. Trieiitalig. Corolla mostly 7-parted. Stem leafy only at the summit. 



5. Lygimachia. Corolla 5 - 6-parted or 5 - 6-petalled. Stems leafy throughout. 



6. Glaux. Corolla none : the calyx petal-like. 



Tribe II. AN AGALLIDE JE. Pod circumcissile. Otherwise as hi Tribe I. 



7. Anagallis. Corolla longer than the calyx, 5-parted. Leaves opposite. 



S. Ceii tune ulus. Corolla shorter than the calyx, 4 - 5-cleft. Leaves alternate. 



Tribe III. S AMOLE^E. Pod partly adherent to the calyx, opening by valves. 

 9. Samolus. Corolla bell-shaped and with 5 sterile filaments in the sinuses. 



Tribe IV. HOTTONIEJE. Pod as in Tribe I. Seeds fixed by the base, anatropous. 

 10. Hottoiiia. Corolla salver-shaped. Immersed leaves pectinately dissected. 



1. PRIMULA, L. PRIMROSE. COWSLIP. 



Calyx tubular, angled, 5-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped, enlarging above the 

 insertion of the stamens ; the 5 lobes often notched or inversely heart-shaped. 

 Stamens 5, included. Pod many-seeded, splitting at the top into 5 valves or 10 

 teeth. Low perennial herbs, producing a tuft of veiny leaves at the root, and 

 simple scapes, bearing the flowers in an umbel. (Name a diminutive of primus, 

 from the flowering of the true Primrose in early spring.) 



1. P. farindsa, L. (BIRD'S-EYE PRIMROSE.) Leaves elliptical or obo- 

 vate-lanceolate, the lower surface and the 3 - 20-flowered involucre, frc. covered with 



