SCROPHULARIACE^E. (FIGWORT FAMILY.) 337 



lobes obtuse or notched. Stamens 4, under the upper lip : anther-cells equal, 

 pointed at the base. Pod oblong, flattened. Seeds numerous. Herbs with 

 branching stems, and opposite toothed or cut leaves. Flowers small, spiked. 

 (Name eix^pao-ta, cheerfulness, in allusion to its reputed medicinal properties.) 



1. E. officinalis, L. Low annual; leaves ovate or lanceolate, the lowest 

 crenate, the floral bristly-toothed ; lobes of the lower lip of the (whitish, yellow- 

 ish, or bluish) corolla notched. Alpine summits of the White Mountains, New 

 Hampshire (Oakes), Lake Superior, and northward. A dwarf variety, l'-5' 

 high, with very small flowers. (E. pusilla, Godet, mss.) (Eu.) 



23. RHINANTHUS, L. YELLOW-RATTLE. 



Calyx membrana,ceous, flattened, much inflated in fruit, 4-toothed. Upper 

 lip of the corolla arched, ovate, obtuse, flattened, entire at the summit, but fur- 

 nished with a minute tooth on each side below the apex ; lower lip 3-lobed. Sta- 

 mens 4, under the upper lip : anthers approximate, hairy, transverse ; the cells 

 equal, pointless. Pod orbicular, flattened. Seeds many, orbicular, winged. 

 Annual upright herbs, with opposite leaves ; the lower oblong or linear ; the 

 upper lanceolate, toothed ; the floral rounded and cut-serrate with bristly teeth ; 

 the solitary yellow flowers nearly sessile in their axils, and crowded in a one- 

 sided spike. (Name composed of ptV, a snout, and avdos, a flower, from the 

 beaked upper lip of the corolla in some species formerly of this genus. ) 



1. R. Crista-galli, L. (COMMON YELLOW-RATTLE.) Leaves oblong 

 or lanceolate; seeds broadly winged (when ripe they rattle in the inflated calyx, 

 whence the popular name). Plymouth, Mass, (probably introduced), White 

 Mountains, N. Hampshire (Tuckerman), Lake Superior, and northward. (Eu.) 



24. PEDICTJIiARIS, Tourn. LOTJSEWOKT. 



Calyx various. Corolla strongly 2-lipped ; the upper lip arched, flattened, 

 often beaked at the apex ; the lower erect at the base, 2-crested above, 3-loT>ed ; 

 the lobes commonly spreading, the lateral ones rounded and larger. Stamens 

 4, under the upper lip : anthers transverse ; the cells equal, pointless. Pod 

 ovate or lanceolate, mostly oblique, several-seeded. Perennial herbs, with 

 chiefly pinnatifid leaves, the floral bract-like, and rather large flowers in a spike. 

 (Name from pediculus, a louse; of no obvious application.) 



1. P. Canadensis, L. (COMMON LOUSEWORT. WOOD BETONY.) 

 Hairy; stems simple, clustered (5' -12' high); leaves scattered; the lowest pin- 

 nately parted; the others half-pinnatifid ; spike short and dense; calyx split in 

 front, otherwise almost entire, oblique; upper lip of the (dull greenish-yellow 

 and purplish) corolla hooded, incurved, 2-toothed under the apex ; pod flat, 

 somewhat sword-shaped. Copses and banks : common. May - July. 



2. P. lanceolata, Michx. Stem upright (l-3 high), nearly simple, 

 mostly smooth; leaves partly opposite, oblong-lanceolate, doubly cut-toothed; spike 

 crowded; calyx 2-lobed, leafy-crested; upper lip of the (pale yellow) corolla 

 incurved and bearing a short truncate beak at the apex ; the lower erect, so as 

 nearly to close the throat ; pod ovate, scarcely longer than the calyx. (P. pallida, 

 Pursh.) Swamps, Connecticut to Virginia and Wisconsin. Aug., Sept. 



22 



