GENTIANACE^E. (GENTIAN FAMILY.) 387 



L., partly.) Damp woods, from the northern parts of Maine, to Wisconsin, and 

 northward. July, August. 



5. GENTIANA, L. GENTIAN. 



Calyx 4 - 5-cleft. Corolla 4 - 5-lobed, regular, usually with intermediate 

 plaited folds, which bear appendages or teeth at the sinuses. Style short or 

 none : stigmas 2, persistent. Pod oblong, 2-valved ; the innumerable seeds 

 either borne on placentae at or near the sutures, or in most of our species cover- 

 ing nearly the whole inner face of the pod. (First shown by Prof. H. J. Clark !) 



Flowers solitary or cymose, showy, in late summer and autumn. (Name 

 from Gentius, king of Illyria, who used some species medicinally.) 



1. AMARELLOlDES, Torr. & Gr. Corolla tubular-funnel-form, without 

 crown or plaited folds, and with the lobes naked: anthers separate, Jixed by 

 the middle, introrse in the bud, but reflexed after the flower opens : seeds wing- 

 less : annuals. 



1. G. quinquefl6ra, Lam. (FIVE-FLOWERED G.) Stem rather slen- 

 der, branching (1 high) ; leaves ovate-lanceolate from a partly clasping and 

 heart-shaped base, 3 - 7-nerved, tipped with a minute point ; branches racemed 

 or panicled, about 5-flowered at the summit ; lobes of the small 5-cleft calyx 

 awl-shaped-linear ; lobes of the pale-blue corolla triangular-ovate, bristle-pointed, 

 one fourth the length of the slender obconical tube. Var. OCCIDENTALIS has 

 linear-lanceolate calyx-lobes, more leaf-like, about half the length of the corolla. 



Dry hilly woods, Maine to Wisconsin and southward, especially along the 

 Alleghanies : the var. is the common form in the Western States. Corolla 

 nearly 1' long ; in the variety proportionally shorter. 



2. CROSSOPETALUM, Froel. Corolla funnel-form, gland-bearing between the 

 bases of the filaments, without crown or plaited folds ; the lobes fringed or toothed 

 on the margins : anthers as in 1 : pod somewhat stalked : seeds wingless, clothed 

 with little scales: annuals or biennials. 



2. G. crinita, Froel. (FRINGED G.) Flowers solitary on long peduncles 

 terminating the stem or simple branches ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate from 

 a partly heart-shaped or rounded base ; lobes of the 4-cleft calyx unequal, ovate and 

 lanceolate, as long as the bell-shaped tube of the sky-blue corolla, the lobes of 

 which are wedge-obovate, and strongly fringed around the summit ; ovary lanceolate. 



Low grounds, New England to Kentucky and Wisconsin : rather common. 

 Plant l-2 high : the showy corolla 2' long. 



3. G. detonsa, Fries. (SMALLER FRINGED G.) Stem simple or with 

 slender branches, terminated by solitary flowers on very long peduncles ; leaves 

 linear or lanceolate-linear ; lobes of the 4- (rarely 5-) cleft calyx unequal, ovate or 

 triangular and lanceolate, pointed ; lobes of the sky-blue corolla spatulate-oblong, 

 with ciliate-fringed margins, the fringe shorter or almost obsolete at the summit ; 

 ovary elliptical or obovate. Moist grounds, Niagara Falls to Illinois and north- 

 westward. Passes into the last. (Eu.) 



3. PNEUMONANTHE, Necker. Corolla bell-shaped or obconical, 5-lobed, 

 with plaited folds which project into appendages in the sinuses : anthers erect, 



