442 URTICACE^E. (NETTLE FAMILY.). 



SUBORDER IV. CANNABINEJS. (HEMP FAMILY.) 



Flowers dioecious ; the sterile racemed or panicled ; the fertile in clus- 

 ters or catkins. Filaments short, not indexed in the bud. Fertile calyx 

 of one sepal, embracing the ovary. Stigmas 2, elongated. Ovary 1-celled, 

 with an ere'ct orthotropous ovule, forming a glandular acheniuin in fruit. 

 Seed with no albumen. Embryo coiled or bent. Herbs, with a watery 

 juice, mostly opposite and lobed or divided leaves, and a fibrous inner 

 bark (yielding bitter and narcotic products). 



10. Cannabis. Fertile flowers spiked-clustered. Anthers drooping. Leaves 5 - 7-divided. 



11. Hum ul us. Fertile flowers in a short spike forming a membrauaceous catkin in fruit. 



Anthers erect. Leaves 3 - 5-lobed. 



1. ULMUS, L. ELM. 



Calyx bell-shaped, 4 - 9-cleft. Stamens 4-9, with long and slendef filaments. 

 Ovary 2-celled, with a single anatropous ovule suspended from the summit of 

 each cell, rarely 1-celled : styles 2, short, diverging, stigmatic along the inner 

 edge. Fruit (by obliteration) a 1-celled and 1-seeded membranaceous samara, 

 winged all around. Albumen^none : embryo straight; the cotyledons large. 

 Flowers polygamous, purplish or yellowish, in lateral clusters, in our species 

 preceding the leaves, which are strongly straight-veined, short-petioled, and 

 oblique or unequally somewhat heart-shaped at the base. Stipules small, cadu- 

 cous. (The classical Latin name.) 



* Flowers appearing nearly sessile : fruit orbicular, not ciliate : leaves very rough above. 



1. U. ftilva, Mich. (SLIPPERY or RED ELM.) Buds before expansion 

 soft-downy with rusty hairs (large) ; leaves ovate-oblong, taper-pointed, doubly 

 serrate (4' -8' long, sweet-scented in drying), soft-downy underneath or slightly 

 rough downwards; branchlets downy; calyx-lobes and stamens 7-9; fruit 

 (8" -9" wide) with the cell pubescent. Rich soil from W. New England to 

 Lake Superior and southward. March, April. A small or middle-sized tree, 



with tough reddish wood, and a very mucilaginous inner bark. 



* # Flowers on slender drooping peduncles or pedicels, which are jointed above the 



middle: fruit ovate or oval, fringed-ciliate : leaves smooth above, or nearly so. 



2. U. Americana, L. (pi. Clayt.), Willd. (AMERICAN or WHITE ELM.) 

 Buds and branchlets glabrous ; branches not corky ; leaves obovate-oblong or oval, 

 abruptly pointed, sharply and often doubly serrate (2' -4' long), soft-pubescent 

 beneath, or soon glabrous; Jlowers in close fascicles ; calyx with 7-9 roundish 

 lobes ; fruit glabrous except the margins (' long), its sharp points incurved and 

 closing the notch. Moist woods, especially along rivers, in rich soil. April. 

 A large and well-known ornamental tree, variable, usually with spreading 

 branches and drooping branchlets. 



3. U. racembsa, Thomas. (CORKY WHITE ELM.) Bud-scales downy- 

 ciliate, and somewhat pubescent, as are the young branchlets ; branches often with 

 corky ridges ; leaves nearly as in the last, but with veins more simple and straight ; 

 Jlowers racemed; fruit much as in the last, but rather larger. River-banks, W. 

 New England to Wisconsin and southward. April. 



