URTICACE.E. (NETTLE FAMILY.) 443 



4. U. alata, Michx. (WHAHOO or WINGED ELM.) Bud-scales and branch- 

 lets nearly glabrous ; branches corky-winged, at least some of them ; leaves downy 

 beneath, ovate-oblong and oblong-lanceolate, acute, thickish, small (l'-2' long) ; 

 calyx-lobes obovate ; fruit downy on the face, at least when young. Virginia 

 to Illinois, and southward. March. Wood fine-grained, valuable. 



2. PLANER A, Gmelin. PLANER-TREE. 



Flowers monceciously polygamous. Calyx 4 - 5-cleft. Stamens 4 -5. Ovary 

 ovoid, 1 -celled, 1-ovuled, crowned with 2 spreading styles which are stigmatose 

 down the inner side, in fruit becoming coriaceous and nut-like, not winged. Al- 

 bumen none : embryo straight. Trees with small leaves, like those of Elms, 

 the flowers appearing with them, in small axillary clusters. (Named for J, J. 

 Planer, a German botanist.) 



1. P. aquatica, Gmel. Nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, small ; fruit 

 stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular rough projections. Wet banks, Ken- 

 tucky (Michaux) and southward. April. 



3. CELTIS, Tourn. NETTLE-TREE. HACKBERRT. 



Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Calyx 5 - 6-parted, persistent. Stamens 

 5-6. Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule: stigmas 2, long and 

 pointed, recurved. Fruit a globular drupe. Embryo curved, nearly enclosing 

 a little gelatinous albumen : cotyledons folded and crumpled. Leaves pointed, 

 petioled. Stipules caducous. Flowers greenish, axillary, the fertile solitary or 

 in pairs, peduncled, appealing with the leaves; the lower usually staminate 

 only, in little fascicles, or racemose along the base of the branches of the season. 

 (An ancient Greek name for the Lotus; the fruit of the European Nettle-tree 

 supposed to have been the food of the Lotophagi. ) 



1. C. OCCidentalis, L. (SUGARBERRY. HACKBERRY.) Leaves reticu- 

 lated, ovate, cordate-ovate and ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, usually conspicu- 

 ously and sharply so, more or less oblique at the base, sharply serrate, sometimes 

 sparingly so or only towards the apex, scabrous but mostly glabrous above, 

 usually soft-pubescent beneath, at least when young ; fruit reddish or yellowish, 

 turning dark purple at maturity, its peduncle once or twice the length of the 

 petiole. (Also C. Audibertiana, Spach., &c.) Woods and river-banks, New 

 England to Wisconsin and southward. April, May. A small or middle-sized 

 tree, with the aspect of an Elm, bearing sweet and edible fruits as large as bird- 

 cherries, at first obovate, ripe in autumn ; the flesh thin. Var. ptnviiLA. Low 

 and straggling (4 - 10 high) ; leaves thin when mature, and smooth, slightly 

 acuminate. (C. pumila, Pursh.) River-banks, on rocks, from Maryland south- 

 ward. Var. CRAS8IF6LIA. A tall or low tree ; leaves thicker, usually serrate 

 all round, and with a long tapering point, dull above, pale beneath. (C. cras- 

 sifolia, Lam,} Common southward and westward. 



2. C. Mississippi6nsis, Bosc. Leaves entire, very long taper-pointed, 

 rounded at the base, mostly oblique, thin, and smooth ; fruit small. (C. integri- 

 folia, Nutt.) W. Kentucky, Illinois'? and southwestward. Even this proba- 

 bly runs into the last. 



