CUPULIFER^E. (OAK FAMILY.) 453 



11. Q. nigra, L. (BLACK-JACK or BARREN OAK.) Leaves broadly wedge- 

 shaped, but sometimes rounded or obscurely cordate at the base, widely dilated 

 and somewhat 3-lobed (rarely 5-lobed) at the summit, occasionally with one or 

 two lateral conspicuously bristle-tipped lobes or teeth, rusty-pubescent beneath, 

 shining above, large (4' -9' long); cup top-shaped, coarse-scaly; acorn short- 

 ovoid. (Q. ferruginea, Michx.) Dry sandy barrens, New York to Illinois, and 

 southward. Tree 8 - 25 high. 



- -*- Anomalous or occasional, probably some or all of them hybrid forms, derived 

 wholly or in part from the foregoing species. 



Q. TRIDENTATA, Engelm., arranged by DC. as a var. of Q. nigra, is 

 just intermediate between it and Q. imbricaria. Near St. Louis, Engelniann. 



Q. QUINQUELOBA, Engelm., is intermediate between, and probably de- 

 rived from Q. nigra, and Q. coccinea, var. tinctoria. St. Louis, Enyelmann. 



Q. LEANA, Nutt. (LEA'S OAK), by its characters and by the foliage of 

 the second generation, communicated by Mr. David Christy, is pretty clearly a 

 hybrid between Q. imbricaria and Q. coccinea, var. tinctoria. S. Ohio and 

 Illinois : two or three trees known. 



Q. HETEROPHY'LLA, Michx. (BARTRAM'S OAK), lately rediscovered in 

 Delaware and New Jersey, by T. Meehan, C. E. Smith, &c. has laciniate leaves 

 like those of vigorous young shoots of Q. aquatica, to which De Candolle refers 

 it as a variety. It is as likely to be a state of Q. Phellos, with dilated and 

 toothed or cut leaves. 

 * * BLACK and RED OAKS. Leaves pinnatifid or lobed, and slender-petioled, not 



coriaceous, the tips of the lobes or teeth conspicuously bristle-pointed. 



H- Mature leaves soft-downy beneath : cup saucer-shaped with a somewhat top-shaped 



base, about half the length of the fully developed small acorn. 



12. Q. ilicif61ia, Wang. (BEAR or BLACK SCRUB-OAK.) Dwarf (3 - 

 8 high), straggling ; leaves obovate, wedge-shaped at base, angularly about 5- (3 - 7-) 

 lobed, white-downy beneath ; acorn ovoid, globular, 5" - 6" long. Sandy barrens 

 and rocky hills, New England to Ohio and Kentucky. (Q. Banisteri, Michx.) 

 Leaves 2' -4' long, thickish, with short and triangular spreading lobes. 



13. Q. f ale ata, Michx. (SPANISH OAK.) Leaves grayish-downy or fulvous 

 underneath, obtuse or rounded at the base, 3 - 5-lobed above ; the lobes prolonged, 

 mostly narrow and more or less scythe-shaped, especially the terminal one, entire or 

 sparingly cut-toothed; acorn globose, 4" -5" long. Dry or sandy soil, New 

 Jersey to Illinois and southward. A small or large tree, extremely variable in 

 foliage; bark excellent for tanning. (Q. triloba, Michx., seems to be a confu- 

 sion of this and Q. nigra.) 



*- - Mature leaves glabrous on both sides or nearly so ; oval, oblong or somewhat obo- 

 vate in outline, all except some of No. 14 varying from moderately sinuate-pin- 

 natifid to deeply pinnatifid, turning various shades of red or crimson in late 

 autumn : large trees ; the wood reddish, coarse-grained. (Apparently these species 

 all naturally intercross. ) 



14. Q. coccinea, Wang. (SCARLET OAK.) Cup top-shaped, or hemispher- 

 ical with a conical scaly base (7" -9" broad), coarsely scaly, covering half or more 

 of the broadly or globular-ovoid acorn. Leaves in the ordinary forms, at least on 



