SALICACE^E. (WILLOW FAMILY.) 461 



cut- toothed ; fertile catkins slender-stalked, clustered, ovoid. (A. undulata, 

 Willd. Betula crispa, Michx.) On mountains and along streams descending 

 from them, N. New England and New York, shore of L. Superior, and north- 

 ward. Also in the Alleghanies southward. Shrub 3 - 8 high. (Eu.) 



2. Flowers developed in earliest spring, before the leaves, from mostly clustered 

 catkins which (of both sorts) were formed the foregoing summer and have remained 

 naked over winter ; fruit wingless or with a narrow coriaceous margin. 

 2 A. incana, Willd. (SPECKLED or HOARY A.) Leaves broadly oval or 

 ovate, rounded at the base, sharply serrate, often coarsely toothed, whitened and 

 mostly downy underneath ; stipules oblong-lanceolate ; fruit orbicular. (A. glauca, 

 Michx.) Shrub or small tree 8 -20 high, forming thickets along streams : 

 the common Alder northward. Var. GLAtiCA has the leaves pale, but when 

 old quite smooth, beneath. (Eu.) 



3. A. serrulata, Ait. (SMOOTH A.) Leaves obovate, acute at the base, 

 sharply serrate with minute teeth, thickish, green both sides, smooth* or often 

 downy beneath ; stipules oval ; fruit ovate. Shrub 6 - 1 2 high : the com- 

 mon Alder from'S. New England to Wisconsin, Kentucky, and southward. 



3. Flowers in autumn (Sept.) from catkins of the season ; the fertile mostly solitary 

 in the axils of the leaves, ripening the fruit a year later: fruit wingless. 



4. A. maritima, Muhl., Nutt. Sylv. t. 10. (SEA-SIDE A.) Glabrous; 

 leaves oblong, ovate, or obovate with a wedge-shaped base, slender-petioled, 

 sharply serrulate, bright green, or rather rusty beneath ; fruiting catkins large, 

 ovoid or oblong (9" -12" long, 6" thick). (A. oblongata, Regel, not of Willd. 

 A. Japdnica, Siebold $- Zuccarini, according to Regel.) Along streams, Dela- 

 ware and E. Maryland, Dr. Pickering, W. M. Canby, &c. Also, what is thought 

 to be the same species in Japan ! Tree 20 high. 



ORDER 105. SALJCACE2E. (WILLOW FAMILY.)* 



Dioecious trees or shrubs, with both kinds of flowers in catkins, one under 

 each bratf, entirely destitute of floral envelopes (unless one or two gland-like 

 bodies represent the calyx) ; the fruit a l-celled and 2-valved pod, with 2 

 parietal or basal placentae, bearing numerous seeds furnished with a long 

 silky down. Style short or none : stigmas 2, often 2-lobed. Seeds as- 

 cending, anatropous, without albumen. Cotyledons flattened. Leaves 

 alternate, undivided, with scale-like and deciduous, or else leaf-like and 

 persistent, stipules. Wood soft and light : bark bitter. 



1. SAIiIX, Tourn. WILLOW. OSIER. 



Bracts (scales) of the catkins entire. Sterile flowers of 3 - 10, mostly 2, 

 distinct or united stamens, accompanied by 1 or 2 little glands. Fertile flowers 

 also with a small flat gland at the base of the ovary on the inner side : stig- 



* This order was elaborated for the first edition by JOHN CARET, Esq. ; whose account is 

 essentially preserved, pending the publication of Professor Andersson's monograph in the 

 forthcoming volume of DeCandolle's Prodromus. 



