462 SALICACE^:. (WILLOW FAMILY.) 



mas short. Trees or shrubs, generally growing along streams, with terete and 

 lithe branches. Leaves mostly long and pointed, entire or glandularly toothed. 

 Buds covered by a single scale, with an inner adherent membrane (separating 

 in 2). Catkins appearing before or with the leaves. (The classical name, 

 said to be derived from the Celtic sal, near, and Us, water.) 

 1 . Catkins lateral and sessile, appearing before the leaves in April or May : stamens 

 2 : scales dark red or brown becoming black, more or less hairy, persistent. 



* Ovary stalked, downy, hairy, or woolly. 



- Catkins ovoid or cylindrical :. leaves entire or obscurely wavy-toothed, hairy or woolly, 

 with prominent veins and more or less revolute margins. Shrubs. 



1. S. Candida, Willd. (HOARY WILLOW.) Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 

 taper-pointed, or the lowest obtuse, the upper surface and young branches covered 

 with a thin web-like wool more white and dense beneath ; stipule.-: small, lanceolate, 

 toothed, about the length of the petioles ; catkins cylindrical, closely flowered ; the 

 fertile l'- 2' long at maturity; ovary densely woolly; style distinct; stigmas 

 2-cleft; scales oblong, obtuse. (S. incana, Michx., not of Schrank.) New 

 York and New Jersey to Wisconsin and northward ; in bogs. Stems 2 - 5 

 high : reddish twigs smooth and shining at maturity. The whole shrub very 

 white in exposed situations, greener in shade. 



2. S. tristis, Ait. (DWARF GRAY W.) Leaves almost sessile, wedge-lanceo- 

 late, pointed, or the lower obtuse, grayish-woolly on both sides, the upper side 

 becoming nearly smooth at maturity ; stipules minute, hairy, very early deciduous ; 

 catkins small and vei-y short, globular when young, loosely Jlowered ; ovary with a long 

 tapering beak, clothed with silvery hairs ; style short ; stigmas 2-lobed. Bogs : 

 common. Shrub l-l high, much branched: leaves thick, l' long. Stip- 

 ules seldom seen, often reduced to a mere gland. Var. MICROPHYLLA has very 

 small and rigid contorted leaves. 



3. S. htimilis, Marshall. (PRAIRIE W.) Leaves petioled, lanceolate or 

 obovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse with an abrupt point, slightly downy above, 

 more thickly so or sometimes grayish-woolly beneath ; stipules small, semi-ovate 

 and entire, or larger and lunate with 2-4 teeth, shorter than the petioles; catkins 

 ovoid or oblong, small, often recurved ; ovary hairy ; style distinct ; stigmas 2- 

 cleft. (S. Muhlenbergiana, Barratt. S. comfera, MM.) Dry plains and bar- 

 rens : common. Shrub 3 - 8 high, varying much ; the small forms some- 

 times scarcely distinguishable, from No. 2; but leaves longer, thinner, and 

 generally stipulate : the larger forms, with leaves 3' -5' long and 5'- 1' broad, 

 resemble those of the next species, but retain more or less down beneath at 

 maturity. The species of this and the following section often bear cones on 

 the ends of the branches, formed of closely imbricated leaves, probably occa- 

 sioned by the puncture of insects. 



-- -*- Catkins cylindrical, large, clothed with very long glossy hairs : leaves more or 

 less serrate, smooth and shining above, glaucous beneath and at length smooth. 

 Shrubs or small trees. 



4. S. discolor, Muhl. ( GLAUCOUS W.) Leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, or oblong, acute, irregularly toothed on the sides , entire at the base and 

 apex; stipules lunate, toothed; catkins erect; scales very hairy, oblanceolate ; 



