CONIFERS. (PINE FAMILY.) 473 



5. CTJPRifcSSUS, Tourn. CYPRESS. 



Flowers moncEcions on different branches, in terminal small catkins. Sterile 

 catkins composed of shield-shaped scale-like filaments bearing 2-4 anther-cells 

 under the lower margin. Fertile catkins globular, of shield-shaped scales bear- 

 ing several erect bottle-shaped ovules. Cone globular, firmly closed, but open- 

 ing at maturity ; the scales thick, pointed or bossed in the middle ; the few or 

 several seeds attached to their contracted base or stalk. Cotyledons 2 or 3. 

 Strong-scented evergreen trees, with very small and scale-like or some awl- 

 shaped closely appressed-imbricated leaves, and exceedingly durable wood. 

 (The classical name.) 



1. C. thyoides, L. (WHITE CEDAR.) Leaves minute, pale, ovate or 

 triangular-awl-shaped, often with a small gland on the back, closely imbricated 

 in 4 rows ; anther-cells 2 under each scale ; cones small (3'' -5" in diameter) ; 

 seeds slightly winged. Swamps, Massachusetts to Wisconsin, Virginia, and 

 southward. May. Tree 30 - 70 high ; the wood and fibrous shreddy bark, 

 as well as the foliage, much as in Arbor Vitai ; but the spray more slender, the 

 leaves finer and glaucous-green. 



6. TAXODIUM, Richard. BALD CYPRESS. 



Flowers monoecious, the two kinds on the same branches. Sterile catkins 

 spiked-panicled, of few stamens : filaments scale-like, shield-shaped, bearing 2 - 

 5 anther-cells. Fertile catkins ovoid, in small clusters, scaly, with a pair of 

 ovules at the base of each scale. Cone globular, closed, composed of very thick 

 and angular somewhat shield-shaped scales, bearing 2 angled seeds at their base. 

 Cotyledons 6-9. Trees, with narrow linear 2-ranked light and deciduous 

 leaves ; a part of the slender leafy branchlets of the season also deciduous in 

 autumn. (Name compounded of Tdos, the Yew, and eiSos, resemblance, the 

 leaves being Yew-like. 



1. T. distichum, Richard. (AMERICAN BALD CYPRESS.) Leaves linear 

 and spreading ; also some awl-shaped and imbricated on flowering branchlets. 

 Swamps, Delaware, to S. Illinois, and southward, where it is a very large 

 and valuable tree. March, April. 



7. JUNIPEBUS, L. JUNIPER. 



Flowers dioecious, or occasionally monoecious, in very small lateral catkins. 

 Anther-cells 3-6, attached to the lower edge of the shield-shaped scale. Fertile 

 catkins ovoid, of 3 - 6 fleshy coalescent scales, each one-ovuled, in fruit forming 

 a sort of berry, which is scaly-bracted underneath, black with white bloom. 

 Seeds 1-3, wingless, bony. Cotyledons 2. Evergreen trees or shrubs, with 

 awl-shaped or scale-like rigid leaves, often of two shapes in 2. (The classical 

 name.) 



1. Leaves all in whorls and linear-awl-shaped, prickly-pointed, free, articulated with 

 the stem, with a midrib and rib-like margins. 



1. J. commtmis, L. (COMMON JUNIPER.) Leaves in threes, with slen- 

 der prickly point, spreading, bright green except the glaucous-white upper face, 



