532 LILIACE^. (LILY FAMILY.) 



20. LILIUM, L. LILY. 



Perianth funnel-form or bell-shaped, colored, of 6 distinct sepals, spreading or 

 recurved above, with a honey-bearing furrow at the base, deciduous ; the 6 sta- 

 mens somewhat adhering to their bases. Anthers linear, extrorsely inserted 

 towards the middle to the tapering apex of the long filament, which is at first 

 included, at length versatile ; the cells dehiscent by a lateral or slightly introrse 

 line. Style elongated, somewhat club-shaped : stigma 3-lobed. Pod oblong, 

 containing numerous flat and horizontal (depressed) soft-coated seeds densely 

 packed in 2 rows in each cell. Bulbs scaly, producing simple stems, with 

 numerous alternate-scattered or whorled short and sessile leaves, and from one 

 to several large and showy flowers; in summer. (The classical Latin name, 

 from the Greek \fipiov.) 



* Flowers erect, bell-shaped, the sepals narrowed below into claws. 



1. L. Philad61pllicum, L. (WILD ORANGE-RED LILY.) Leaves lin- 

 ear-lanceolate ; the upper chiefly in whorls of 5 to 8 ; flowers 1-3, open-bell-shaped, 

 reddish-orange spotted with purplish inside ; the lanceolate sepals not recurved 

 at the summit. Dry or sandy ground : common. Stem 2 - 3 high : the 

 flower 2' long. 



2. L. Catesbaei, Walt. (SOUTHERN KED LILY.) Leaves linear-lanceo- 

 late, scattered; flower solitary, open-bell-shaped, the long-clawed sepals wavy on 

 the margin and recurved at the summit, scarlet, spotted with dark purple and 

 yellow inside. Low sandy soil, Pennsylvania ? to Kentucky and southward. 



# * Flowers nodding, bell-shaped, the sessile sepals revolute. 



3. L. Canadense, L. (WiLD YELLOW LILY.) Leaves remotely whorled, 

 lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, the margins and nerves rough, flowers few, long- 

 peduncled, oblong-bell-shaped, the sepals recurved-spreading above the middle, 

 orange-spotted inside with brown. Moist meadows and bogs, especially 

 northward. Stem 2 - 5 high. Flower 2' - 3' long. 



4. L. SUp6rbum, L. (TURK'S-CAP LILY.) Lower leaves whorled, lan- 

 ceolate, pointed, 3-nerved, smooth ; flowers often many (3 - 20 or 40) in a pyram- 

 idal raceme ; sepals strongly revolute, bright orange, with numerous dark purple 

 spots inside. Rich low grounds. Stem 3 - 7 high : sepals 3' long. L. 

 Carolinianum, Michx., apparently belongs to this species, which also probably 

 passes into the preceding. 



21. ERYTHRONIUM, L. DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLET. 



Perianth lily-like, of 6 distinct lanceolate sepals, recurved or spreading above, 

 deciduous, the 3 inner usually with a callous tooth on each side of the erect base, 

 and a groove in the middle. Filaments 6, awl-shaped : anthers oblong-linear, con- 

 tinuing erect. Style elongated. Pod obovate, contracted at the base, 3-valved, 

 loculicidal. Seeds rather numerous, ovoid, with a loose, membranaceous tip. 

 Nearly stemless herbs, with two smooth and shining flat leaves tapering into 

 petioles and sheathing the base of the commonly one-flowered scape, rising 

 from a deep solid-scaly bulb. Flowers rather large, nodding, in spring. (Name 

 from epvQpos, red, which is inappropriate as respects the American species.) 



