JUNCACE^E. (RUSH FAMILY.) 539 



t- *- Leaves flat and open, grass-like : stamens 3. 



9. J. margintus, Rostkovius. Stem erect, from a bulbous and stolo- 

 niferous base (l-3high), flattened, leafy ; leaves long-linear; heads 3-8- 

 flowered, panicled ; flowers purplish with green (l" long) ; sepals oblong, the 

 3 outer acute and slightly awned, the inner longer and mostly obtuse and point- 

 less, as long as the almost globular scarcely pointed pod ; stamens exceeding 

 the outer sepals ; purple anthers shorter than filaments ; style very short ; seeds 

 (?" - k" l n g) slender, pointed at both ends and strongly ribbed. ( J. aristulatus, 

 Michx. ) Moist sandy places, S. New England to Illinois and southward. 

 Var. PAUCICAPITATUS has smaller and less flattened stems, narrower leaves, and 

 few large 8- 15-flowered heads. Sandy coast of New Jersey and elsewhere. 

 Var. BIFL6RUS has numerous and small 2 - 3-flowered heads, in much-branched 

 panicles. {J. biflorus, Ell.) New Jersey to Illinois and southward. 



10. J. ripens, Michx. Stems flattened, ascending (4' -6' high) from a 

 fibrous annual root, at length creeping or floating ; leaves short, linear, those of 

 the stem nearly opposite and fascicled ; heads few in a loose leafy panicle, 3 - 12- 

 flowered ; flowers green (3" long) ; sepals rigid, lance-subulate, slender-pointed, 

 the 3 outer as long as the linear triangular obtuse pod, the inner ones much 

 longer ; stamens as long as the outer sepals ; .filaments many times longer than 

 the oblong anther ; seeds small (^" long), ohpvate, slightly pointed, very deli- 

 cately ribbed and cross-lined. (Cephaldxys flabellata, Desv.) Miry banks, 

 Maryland ( W. M. Canby) and southward. 



# * Flowers single on the ultimate peduncles : stamens 6. 

 - Stem branched : root annual. 



11. J. bllfdnius, L. Stems low and slender (3' -9' high) from a fibrous 

 root, leafy, often branched from the base ; panicle spreading, mostly with one- 

 sided dichotomous branches; flowers remote, greenish (2"-3|" long); sepals 

 linear-lanceolate, awl-pointed, 3 outer ones much longer than the inner and 

 than the oblong obtuse pod; stamens short; filaments scarcely longer than 

 anthers ; seeds elliptical, obtuse (V'~t" lon g)> verv delicately ribbed and cross- 

 lined. Low grounds by roadsides : common, but not everywhere. June - 

 Sept. Var. FASCICCLATUS, with flowers crowded at the end of the branchlets, 

 is * southern form, which has been introduced about the Philadelphia Navy 

 Yard. (Eu.) 



- *- Stems slender, simple, tufted, leafy below: root perennial (fl. early in summer). 



12. J. Gerrdi, Loisel. (BLACK-GRASS.) Stems scarcely flattened, rigid 

 (l-2 high) ; panicle contracted, usually longer than the bracteal leaf; flow- 

 ers chestnut-brown with green (Iflong) ; sepals oval-oblong, obtuse, incurved, 

 as long as the oval obtuse and mucronate pod ; anthers much longer than the 

 short filaments ; style as long as the ovary; seeds (nearly \" long) obovate, 

 short pointed at both ends, delicately ribbed and cross-lined. Salt marshes : 

 common along the coast, especially northward ; also in saline marshes 

 of W. New York: rare along the Great Lakes. (Eu.) The closely allied 

 J. bulbosus, L. (to which this was referred in a former edition) has not yet 

 been found in this country. 



