CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 573 



A. Spike solitary, simple ; its scales or bracts small and scarious or colored (never 

 green or foliaceous) . PSYLLOPHORA, Loiseleur. 

 1. Spike dioecious, or the fertile merely with a few staminate floviers at the base. 



1. C. gyndcrates, Wormskiold. Culm and bristle-form radical leaves 

 smooth, or minutely rough at the top ; sterile spike linear ; fertile spike ovoid, 

 loosely flowered ; perigynia oblong, short-beaked, with a white membranaceous 

 obtusely 2-toothed apex, narrowed at the base, nerved throughout, smooth, 

 spreading horizontally at maturity, longer than the acute or acutish scale ; stig- 

 mas 2. Swamps, Wayne and Genesee Co., New York (Sartwell, &c.), Michi- 

 gan, and northward. (Eu.) 



2. C. scirpoidea, Michx. Leaves flat; spike narrowly cylindrical ; peri- 

 gynia ovoid, with a minute point, densely hairy, dark purple at maturity, about 

 the length of the pointed ciliate scale ; stigmas 3. ( C. Wormskioldiana, Hornem. 

 C. Michauxii, Schw.) Alpine summits of the mountains of Maine and New 

 Hampshire, Willoughby Mountain, Vermont ( Wood), Drummond's Island, 

 Michigan, and northward. (Eu.) 



2. Spike androgynous, staminate at the summit. 

 * Stigmas 2 : leaves bristle-form. 



3. C. capitata, L. Spike small, roundish-ovoid ; perigynia broadly ellip- 

 tical with a notched membranaceous point, compressed, smooth, spreading, 

 longer than the rather obtuse scale. Alpine summits of the White Mountains, 

 New Hampshire, Robbins, Oakes. (Eu.) 



* * Stigmas 3 : leaves very narrow, shorter than the culm. 



4. C. paucifldra, Lightfoot. Spike few-flowered ; sterile flowers 1 or 2 ; 

 perigynia awl-shaped, reflexed; scales deciduous. (C. leucoglochin, Ehrh.) 

 Peat-bogs, from New England and W. New York northward. (Eu.) 



5. C. polytrich.oides, Muhl. Culm capillary ; spike very small, few- 

 flowered; perigynia erect, alternate, oblong, compressed-triangular, obtuse, 

 slightly nerved, entire at the apex, green, twice the length of the ovate scale. 

 (C. leptalea, Wahl. C. microstachya, Michx.) Low grounds and bogs: 

 very common. 



* * * Stigmas 3 : leaves very (about 1') broad, longer than the naked culm, 



6. C. Fraseriana, Sims. Pale or glaucous and glabrous ; leaves without 

 a midrib, many-nerved, smooth, with minutely crisped cartilaginous margins 

 (9'- 18' long), convolute below around the base of the scape-like culm: spike 

 oblong, the fertile part becoming globular; perigynia ovoid, inflated, mucro- 

 nately tipped with a minute entire point, longer than the scarious oblong obtuse 

 scale ; often enclosing a short appendage at the base of the achenium. Rich 

 woods, mountains of Pennsylvania ? Virginia, and southward : rare, and a most 

 remarkable plant. 



B. Spike solitary, simple, androgynous, staminate at the summit : bracts and 

 scales of the pistillate flowers green, leaf-like, tapering from a broad base, the lowest 

 much longer than the spike, the uppermost equalling the slightly inflated peri- 

 gynia : style jointed at the base : stigmas 3. (Leaves long and grassy, much 

 exceeding the short almost radical culms.) PHYLLOSTACHYS, Torr. & Gr. 



