574 CYPERACE^:. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 



7. C. Willden6vii, Schk. Sterile flowers 4 - 8, closely imbricated ; peri- 

 gynia 6-9, somewhat alternate, oblong, rough on the angles and tapering beak; 

 achenium oblong, triangular, finely dotted ; stigmas downy. Copses, Mass, to 

 N. Virginia and westward. 



8. C. Steud&Lii, Kunth. Ster He flowers 10- 15, rather loosely imbricated 

 into a linear (apparently distinct) spike; perigynia 2-3, roundish-obovoid, smooth, 

 with a long and abrupt rough beak ; achenium roundish, obscurely triangular, very 

 minutely dotted; stigmas downy. (C. Jamesii, Schw.) Woody hillsides, N. 

 New York to Illinois and Kentucky. 



9. C. Backii, Boott. Sterile flowers 3, inconspicuous,' perigynia 2-4, loose, 

 globose-ovoid, with a conical beak, smooth throughout: achenium globose-pyriform, 

 scarcely dotted; stigmas smooth. Rocky hills, W. Massachusetts (Mount Tom, 

 Prof. Whitney), and N. New York to Ohio, Lake Superior, and northward. 

 Culms generally shorter, and the leafy scales broader and more conspicuous, 

 than in the last two. 



C. Spikes several or numerous, androgynous (rarely dioecious), sessile, forming a 

 compact or more or less interrupted sometimes paniculate-compound inflores- 

 cence : stigmas 2 : achenium lenticular. VIGN&A, Beauv. 



1. Spikes approximated, the staminate and pistillate flowers variously situated: 

 perigynia plano-convex, nerved, with a rough slightly toothed beak : bracts 

 light brown, resembling the scales, or with a prolonged point, shorter than 

 the (at maturity) brown and chaffy spikes. SICCAT^E. 



10. C. bromoides, Schk. Spikes 4-6, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, some of 

 the central ones wholly fertile ; perigynia erect, narrow-lanceolate with a tapering 

 point, solid and spongy at the base, longer than the lanceolate scale ; style jointed 

 at the base. Swamps : common. Slender, occasionally dioecious. 



11. C. Siccata, Dew. Spikes 4-8, ellipsoid, the uppermost and commonly 

 1-3 of the lowest fertile below, the intermediate ones frequently all staminate; peri- 

 gynia ovate-lanceolate, compressed, with a long rather abrupt beak, about the 

 length of the scale ; style minutely hairy. ( C. pallida, C. A. Meyer. ) Sandy 

 plains, New England to Illinois, and northwestward. 



12. C. disticha, Huds. Spikes numerous, short and ovoid, the upper or mid- 

 dle ones frequently almost all staminate, the lower principally or entirely fertile ; peri- 

 gynia ovate-lanceolate, the margins not united to the top, leaving a deep cleft 

 on the outer side ; scale ovate, pointed, nearly the length of the perigynium. 

 (C. intermedia, Good. C. Sartwellii, Dew., and former editions.) Seneca Co., 

 New York (Sartwell) to Illinois, Wisconsin, and northward. (Eu.) 



2. Spikes pistillate below, staminate at the summit. 



# Perigynia of a thick and corky texture, with a short 2-toothed roughly margined 

 beak, nerved towards the base, dark chestnut-brown and polished at maturity : 

 spikes decompound, paniculate : scales light brown, with white membrana- 

 ceous margins ; the bracts at the base resembling them, and with a short 

 bristly prolongation. PANICULATE. 



13. C. teretitlSCUla, Good. Spikes with short appressed branches, 

 crowded in a slender spiked panicle ; perigynia ovate, unequally biconvex, short- 

 stalked, with 3-5 short nerves on the outer side near the broad somewhat heart-shaped 



