586 CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 



slender delicate species, 4' - 8' high, with long grassy leaves, and bracts exceed- 

 ing the culm. Sterile spike often with some fertile flowers at the apex. 

 -- -i- Stigmas 3 : perigynium somewhat pointed and 3-sided. 

 w- Staminate spike (or the cluster in No. 71) long-stalked. 



66. C. livida, Willd. Fertile spikes 1-2, rarely with a third near the base 

 of the culm, 10- \5-flowered; perigynia ovoid-oblong, with faint pellucid nerves, 

 tipped with a straight obtuse point, rather longer than the ovate scale. (C. 

 limosa, var. livida, Wahl. C. Grayana, Dew.) Peat-bogs and wet pine bar- 

 rens, New Jersey, Oneida Co., New York, and high northward. Rarely with 

 a single (sterile) spike, or with an additional fertile one on an erect stalk 4' -9' 

 long, from the base of the culm. Plant very glaucous, the leaves rigid and 

 finely tapering. (Eu.) 



67. C. vaginata, Tausch. Sterile spike with its stalk commonly bent to a 

 right angle with the culm at flowering time, afterwards erect ; fertile 2 or 3, 

 remote, erect, slender-ped uncled, loosely flowered ; bracts foliaceous, short, with 

 dilated sheaths ; perigynia short-ovate when mature and with a distinct terete 

 beak or beak-like oblique point, emarginate at the orifice, exceeding the ovate acute 

 scale; culm slender (l-2 long), weak and reclining, naked, stoloniferous ; the 

 long-creeping sterile shoots bearing tufts of flat green leaves (2" -3" wide) 

 almost equalling the fertile culms. (C. sparsiflbra, Fries. C. phaostachya, 

 Smith.) Moist banks, Bergen swamp, Genesee Co., New York (J. A. Paine), 

 Lake Superior (Bobbins and Porter), and northward. (Eu.) 



68. C. panicea, L. Sterile spike always erect ; fertile 1-3, mostly 2, erect, 

 remote, oblong or short-cylindrical, rather loosely flowered, only the lower slen- 

 der-peduncled ; sheaths of the short foliaceous bracts shorter and narrower; 

 perigynia turgid-ovate at maturity, obscurely nerved, tipped with a short bent 

 entire point (mostly straw-colored), longer than the ovate blunt scale. Moist 

 grounds, Massachusetts to Delaware ( W. M. Canby) : rare. (Eu.) 



69. C. Meadii, Dew. Differs from the last onty in the denser fertile spikes, 

 the sterile one sometimes longer ; and the perigynia more triangular, less turgid, 

 paler, less indistinctly nerved, the scales pointed ' ; culms more rigid and rough- 

 ish : the more slender forms closely approach the next. (C. panicea, chiefly of 

 former ed.) Wet prairies, &c., Ohio to Illinois and Wisconsin. 



70. C. tetanica, Schk. Fertile spikes 1-3, commonly 2, oblong-cylindrical, 

 loosely flowered, especially at the tapering base, remote ; perigynia when young 

 pointed at each end, at maturity obovoid, scarcely inflated, with a slightly bent point, 

 longer than the ovate obtuse and often abruptly mucronate or awn-pointed scale. 

 (C. conoidea, Gray, Gram. Sf Cyp., not of Schk. C. Woodii, Dew.) Margins 

 of lakes and rivers, W. Mass, to Penn., Michigan, and southward. 



71. C. Crawei, Dew. Sterile spikes often 1 or 2 small ones at the base 

 of the terminal, which is occasionally fertile at the apex ; fertile spikes 3-6, re- 

 mote, and the lowest near the root, oblong or cylindrical, densely flowered, and some- 

 times slightly compound at the base ; their short peduncles included, or the 

 lowest exserted ; perigynia ovoid-oblong, obscurely nerved, with a very small straight 

 or slightly recurved point, longer than the ovate obtuse or acute or short-pointed 

 scale. (C. heterostachya, Torr.) Wet places, S. Herkimer and Jefferson 



