CYPERACEuE. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 591 



bristle-shaped leaves, forming dense tufts. The fertile spikes 2" - 3" in length, 

 about 1" broad. 



93. C. pedUHCUlata, Muhl. Spikes 3-5, commonly 4, the uppermost sterile 

 with 2 -3 fertile floicers at the base, the rest fertile with a few staminate flowers at the 

 apex, all on long stalks, remote, 1 - 2 of the lowest near the base of the culm ; 

 sheaths with green tips much shorter than the stalks ; perigynia with a long 

 attenuated base and a minutely notched orifice, somewhat downy, especially on the 

 angles, about the length of the broadly obovate abruptly awned or pointed 

 dark-purple scale. Dry woods and hillsides, E. New England to Penn., 

 Wisconsin, and northward. Culms 4' -10' high, prostrate at maturity, in 

 tufts, partly concealed by the very long and narrow grassy leaves. 



6. Periyynia with a straight or slightly bent more or less abrupt beak, hairy, not in- 

 flated, terminating in a membranaceous notched or 2-toothed orifice : bracts 

 short, either green and slightly sheathing orauriculate at the base, or small 

 and resembling the scales : scales dark brown or purple with white margins, 

 fading lighter or sometimes turning nearly white : staminate spike solitary ; 

 the fertile 2-3, nearly sessile and erect, or the lower on a long radical 

 peduncle. ( Culms mostly low and slender . leaves all radical, long and narrow. ) 

 MONTANA. 



94. C. umbellata, Schk. Culms very short (l'-3', rarely 6' high), in close 

 tufts ; staminate spike sometimes with a few pistillate flowers ; fertile spikes 4 -5, 

 ovoid, few-flowered ; the uppermost commonly close to the sterile spike and sessile, the 

 rest on stalks arising from the base of the stem and of about equal height, nearly 

 concealed by the long grassy leaves ; perigynia ovoid, 3-angled, with a rather 

 long abrupt beak, about the length of the ovate pointed scale. Rocky hill- 

 sides, New England to Illinois, and northward. 



95. C. Novae- Angliae, Schw. Sterile spike sessile, short and usually in- 

 conspicuous ; fertile 2-4, greenish-purple, 3 - 8-flowered, contiguous and sessile, 

 or the lowest rather distant (sometimes even radical) and more or less pe- 

 duncled ; the lower or all the leafy bracts exceeding the culm ; perigynia globular- 

 pear-shaped with a much attenuated base and a short conical 2-toothed beak, mi- 

 nutely hairy, longer and broader than the ovate mucronate-pointed purple scale 

 (with green midrib and hyaline margins) ; achenium apiculate with the very 

 short persistent base of the style; culms very slender (4' -10' long), weak, 

 soon reclined or procumbent. Saddle Mountain, Massachusetts, Adirondack 

 Mountains, New York, and high northward. Too near C. pilulifera, L., of 

 Europe and the following. 



96. C. Emmbnsii, Dew. Paler, and the spikes greenish, not purple, usu- 

 ally more crowded than in the foregoing, often a long-peduncled one from the 

 base ; bracts short, rarely equalling the culm ; perigynia oval and more 3-sided, 

 hairy : and with a longer cylindrical beak; base of the style deciduous by an 

 articulation. (C. Novse-Anglrae, var. Emmonsii, Ed. 2. C. Davisii, Dew., &c.) 

 Dry woody hills: not rare. 



97. C Pennsylvanica, Lam. Sterile spike commonly on a short stalk; 

 fertile \ -3, usually 2, approximate, nearly sessile, ovoid, 4-6-flowered, the lowest 



commonly with a colored scale-like long-aumed bract; perigynia roundish-ovoid, with 



