CYPERACEJE. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 595 



beak, widely spreading or reflexed at maturity. Wet meadows, especially 

 northward. Whole plant of a yellowish hue, 6' -15' high, with spikes about 

 6" in length. (Eu.) 



115. C. (Ederi, Ehrh. Fertile spikes oblong-ovoid, closely aggregated, or the 

 lowest rather remote, on very short stalks, densely flowered, sometimes stami- 

 nate at the apex ; leaves and bracts narrow, rigidly erect ; perigynia ovoid, with a 

 short and rather abrupt minutely notched beak, scarcely recurved at maturity. (C. 

 viridula, Michx., not of Schw. $ Torr. C. irregularis, Schw.) Wet rocks and 

 bluffs, coast of New England to Illinois, Lake Superior, and northward. 

 Resembles the last ; but the fertile spikes and perigynia are much smaller, and 

 the beak more abrupt, shorter, and straight. (Eu.) 



10. Perigynia slightly inflated, ovoid or obtusely 3-angled, with an abrupt 

 straight beak, nerved, densely pubescent or rough-puberulent, the pubescence 

 nearly concealing the nerves, except in No. 119 : bracts leaf-like, with short 

 sheaths : scales dark-purple or brown. 



# Perigynia densely pubescent of a thick or somewhat leathery texture, ovoid, with 2 



short, and diverging membranaceous teeth : bracts much exceeding the nearly smooth 

 qulm : staminate spikes 2 or 3, the uppermost stalked, the lower short and 

 sessile : fertile spikes 1 -4, usually 2, erect, remote, sessile or on very short 



Stalks. LANUGIN6S.E. 



116. C. fllif6rmis, L. Fertile spikes oblong or ovoid; perigynia very 

 short-beaked and with 2 sharp teeth; leaves and bracts narrow and involute; culm 

 very slender (l-3 high). Peat-bogs, New England to Penn., Wisconsin, 

 and northward. (Eu.) 



117. C. lantlginosa, Michx, Fertile spikes oblong or cylindrical; peri- 

 gynia more hispidly pubescent ; leaves and bracts flat, broader and shorter ; culm 

 stouter (l-2 high); staminate spikes usually shorter. (C. pellita, Muhl.) 

 Swamps and wet meadows. New England to Kentucky and northward. 



# # Perigynia thin, downy like the fast or roughly granulate, or even smooth, ovoid, 



the beak terminating in a tjiin and scarious oblique orifice, either entire or slightly 

 notched; bracts rigidly erect, shorter than the sharply triangular rough 

 culm. ScARi6s^:. 



118. C. vestita, Willd. Sterile spikes 1-2. the uppermost cylindrical, 

 short-stalked; fertile 1-2, approximate, sessile, ovoid or oblong, sometimes 

 staminate at the apex ; perigynia densely pubescent, with a short thick beak, a little 

 longer than the ovate pointed scale; leaves flat, shorter than the stout and rigid 

 culm. Sandy soils, growing in tufts, New England to Penn. and southward. 

 Resembling the last in external appearance, but readily distinguished by the 

 membranaceous beak of the fruit, which is reddish at the base and white and 

 transparent at the orifice ; and the style is twisted within the perigynium. 



119. C. polym6rpha, Muhl. (in part.) Sterile spikes 1-4, the upper- 

 most on a long stalk ; the lower short, often with a few fertile flowers at the 

 base ; fertile spike solitary or rarely 2, remote, cylindrical, sometimes staminate at 

 the apex, erect, on partly exserted stalks; perigynia few- (5 -10-) nerved, very 

 minutely roughened with granular dots, or smooth, abruptly contracted into a slender 



