CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 597 



hairy. (C. atherbdes, Spreng. C. mirata, Dew.} Lake shores and river-banks, 

 N. New York to Michigan, and northwestward. Culm 2 - 3 high : leaves 

 2" -3" wide. Fertile spikes 2' -3' long, often loosely flowered towards the base. 

 (Eu. C. orth'dstachys.) 



125. C. trichocarpa, Muhl. More slender; leaves and bracts rough, 

 but not hairy ; fertile spikes 2 or 3, fewer-flowered ; perigynia more ovate and 

 with shorter and stouter teeth, downy-pubescent, the scale short-awnecl or awn- 

 less. (C. striata, Ed. 1, not of Michx.) In water or wet ground: common, 

 especially northward. 



Yar. imberbis. Perigynia glabrous; sheaths rather rough. Penn-Yan, 

 New York, Sartwdl. Illinois, Mead, E. Hall, and northwestward. 



-i- H- Staminate spikes solitary, with a filiform bract ; fertile 3-5, cylindrical, densely- 

 flowered, on long exserted and at length drooping stalks, mostly approximate: 

 perigynia widely spreading, reflexed at maturity. 



126. C. comdsa, Boott. Fertile spikes thick (l'-3 ; long, and 6" -7" 

 wide), the lowest sometimes very remote; perigynia tapering from a stalked ovoid- 

 triangular base into a long deeply 2-forked beak, the sharp elongated teeth widely spread- 

 ing or somewhat recurved ; scales lanceolate, with a long bristle-shaped awn 

 shorter than the mature fruit ; culm rough and triquetrous. (C. furcata, Ell., 

 not of Lapeyr. C. Pseudo-Cyperus, Schw. Sf Torr., Dew., frc., in part, not of /.) 



Wet places : common. A robust species 2 - 3 high, formerly confounded 

 with the next, which it greatly resembles ; but it differs especially in the larger 

 fertile spikes, longer beak of the fruit, and the longer, smooth and widely 

 spreading teeth, giving to the spikes a comose or bristly appearance. 



127. C. Pseudo-Cyp6rilS, L. Fertile spikes narrower and sometimes 

 slightly compound at the base ; perigynia as in the last, but with a shorter beak 

 and shorter less spreading teeth; scale about the length of the mature fruit. Bor- 

 der of lakes and in bogs, New England to Pennsylvania, and northward. (Eu.) 

 12. Perigynia much inflated, conspicuously many-nerved, smooth, with a long taper- 

 ing 2-toothed beak : bracts leaf-like, much exceeding the culm: scales tawny 

 or white : staminate spike stalked, always solitary. LUPULIN^E. 



* Bracts with very short or obsolete sheaths. 



128. C. hystricina, Willd. Sterile spike often bearing a few fertile flow- 

 ers at the base or apex ; fertile spikes 2-4, oblong-cylindrical, densely flowered, 

 the uppermost on a very short stalk, the others on long stalks and at length nod- 

 ding, the lowest often very remote ; perigynia spreading, tapering from an ovoid 

 base into a long slender beak with sharp smooth teeth, longer than the awned scale. 



A variety with shorter ovoid spikes, the lowest very remote on a filiform stalk, 

 4' - 6' long, with rather smaller perigynia not much longer than the awn, is 

 C. Cooleyi, Dew. Wet meadows: common. Plant pale or yellowish green, 

 with fertile spikes 9'" to 1^'long. Distinguished from the preceding by the 

 more inflated less diverging fruit, its beak longer and teeth shorter ; and from 

 the following by the smaller nodding spikes and many-nerved periginium, 

 with longer and smooth teeth. 



129. C. tentaculata, Muhl. Fertile spikes 2-3, ovoid, oblong, or cylindri- 

 cal, densely flowered, approximate and diverging horizontally, the uppermost ses- 



