598 CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 



sile, the lower on short exserted stalks ; perigynia spreading, tapering from an ovoid 

 few- (about 10-) nerved base into a long slender beak with oblique orifice or short 

 minutely serrulate teeth, much longer than the lanceolate awned scale ; achenium 

 papillose-roughened. ( C. rostrata, MuhL, not of Michx. ) Wet meadows : very 

 common. Var. GR\CILIS, Boott, is a slender form with 2 much smaller fertile 

 spikes (4"- 12" long, 3" -4" broad). Var. ALTIOK, Boott, is tall (2 high), 

 with more scattered large fertile spikes, and the more tapering beak of perigy- 

 nium with longer teeth, perhaps a hybrid with C. lupulina. Penn-Yan, New 

 York, Sartwell, and Amherst, Mass., Tuckerman. 



130. C. intlimescens, Budge. Fertile spikes 1-3, ovoid, loosely few- ( 5 - 8-) ' 

 flowered, closely approximated, sessile, or the lower on a very short exserted 

 peduncle ; perigynia erect-spreading, tapering from an ovoid 1 5 - 20-nerved base 

 into a long sometimes rough beak. (C. folliculata, Scfik., Michx., not ofZ.) Wet 

 meadows and swamps : very common. Culm slender, about 1 8' high : fertile 

 spikes usually contiguous : perigynia 6" -7" long, very ventricose. 



131. C. Grayii, Carey. Fertile spikes 2 (sometimes single ), globose, densely 

 (15 -30-) flowered, separate, on short exserted peduncles ; perigynia (8" long) spread- 

 ing and deflexed, tapering from an ovoid 25 - 30-nerved base into a long smooth 

 and shining beak. River bottoms, Oneida Co., New York, to Ohio and Illinois : 

 rather rare. Culm robust, 3 high; leaves broader; and flowers in July, a 

 month later than the last. 



* * Bracts all or all but the uppermost conspicuously sheathing. 



- Fertile spikes approximate, or only the lowest one distant, erect, very large and 

 turgid, many-flowered: perigynia ascending, long-beaked from an ovate-ventricose 

 base : sterile spikes rarely 2. 



132. C. lupulina, MuhL Fertile spikes 2-4, cylindraceous or oblong 

 (l'-2' long, 1' thick), the lower on exserted stalks; perigynia (6"-7"long) 

 often raised on a short stalk-like base, smooth or with the beak rough above, 

 much longer than the lanceolate rough awn-pointed scale; stem (2 -3) and 

 long broadly linear leaves and bracts smooth, the latter with rough margins 

 (3" _ 4'/ wide). (C. lurida, Wahl.) Wet grounds, common. C. Canadensis, 

 and C. Bellavilla, Dew., appear to be depauperate and attenuated states of this, 

 with more distant lax, and fewer-flowered spikes. 



133. C. lupulifdrmis, Sartwell. Fertile spikes 4-5, cylindrical (2' -3' 

 long), less approximate; perigynia sessile (7" -8" long); achenium broader, 

 with mamillated angles ; scale more awned ; otherwise as in the foregoing, of 

 which it is probably a mere variety. (C. lupulina, var. polystachya, Schw. $ 

 Torr. ) Swamps, New York to Delaware, &c. 



-i- -i- Fertile spikes distant, few -several-flowered: perigynia lanceolate, ovate-lanceo- 

 late or spindle-shaped, loose or widely spreading at maturity : staminate spike small, 

 short-stalked : obtuse/y angular culms and grassy soft leaves smooth. 



134. C. folliculata, L. Fertile spikes 3-4, remote, 12-20-flowered, all or 

 the lowest on exserted peduncles, turning yellowish at maturity ; perigynia taper- 

 ing ovate-lanceolate from a broadish base, short-beaked, at length widely spread- 

 ing, rather exceeding the ovate white rough-owned scale. (C. xanthophysa, 

 Wahl.) Peat-bogs, New England to Penn., and northward, and in one form 



