GRAMINEJE. (GRASS FAMILY.) 639 



2 for each spikelet, forming an involucre to the cluster. Palets coriaceous ; the 

 lower rounded on the back, acute or awned at the apex. Grain adherent to the 

 involving palets (whence the name, an ancient one for some grain, from cXuco, 

 to roll up). 



* Glumes and flowers firm or rigid, both or only the latter awned: spikelets 1-5- 



flowered: perennials, with slender culms and rather harsh and broad flat leaves. 



-- Spike large and stout. 



1. E. Virginicus, L. Spike rigidly upright, dense (2' -3' long, 6" thick), 

 on a short pedwide usually included in the sheath ; spikelets 2-3 together, 2-3- 

 flowered, smooth, rather short-awned, about the length of the thickened strongly- 

 nerved and bristle-pointed lanceolate glumes. River-banks : common. Aug. 

 Culm stout, 2 - 3 high. 



2. E. Canactensis, L. Spike soon nodding (5'-9' long), on an exserted 

 peduncle ; spikelets mostly in pairs, of 3 - 5 long-awned rough or rough-haiiy 

 flowers ; the awl-shaped glumes tipped with shorter awns. (E. Philadelphicus, L. !) 



Var. GLAUCIF6LIUS (E. glaucifolius, Muhl.) is pale or glaucous throughout, 

 the flowers with more spreading awns (1^' long). River-banks: common. 



H- Spike more slender, as also the culm. 



3. E. Sibiricus, L. Glabrous; spike wand-like (I 1 - 6' long, about 3" thick), 

 often somewhat nodding ; spikelets in pairs, 3 - 6-flowered ; glumes linear-lanceo- 

 late, 3 - 5-nervcd, short-awned, shorter than the flowers, which are rather short-awned. 



South shore of Lake Superior (Porter), and northwestward. (Eu.) 



4. E. Striatus, Willd. More or less pubescent,' spike dense and thickish 

 (2' - 4' long), upright or slightly nodding; spikelets mostly in pairs, 1-2- (or 

 rarely 3-) flowered, minutely bristly-hairy; glumes awl-shaped, bristle-awned, 1-3- 

 ncrved, about thrice the length of the flowers exclusive of the capillary awn (which 

 is 1' long). Var. viLL6sus (E. villosus, Muhl.!) has very hairy flowers and 

 glumes, and villous sheaths. Rocky woods and banks. July, Aug. Palets 

 only 3" long. 



# * Glumes and palets awnless and soft in texture: reed-like perennials. 



5. E. mollis, Trin. (not of R. Br.) Culm (3 high) velvety at top; spike 

 thick, erect (8' long) ; spikelets 2 or 3 at each joint, 5-8-flowered; the lanceo- 

 late pointed 5-7-nerved glumes (!' long) and the pointed palets soft-villous ; 

 rhachis of the spikelets separating into joints. Shore of the Great Lakes, 

 Maine, and northward. (Near E. arenarius.) 



47. GYMNOSTICHUM, Schreb. BOTTLE-BRUSH GRASS. (PI. 11.) 



Spikelets 2 - 3 or sometimes solitary on each joint of the rhachis, raised on a 

 very short callous pedicel, loosely 2 - 4-flowered (when solitary flatwise on the 

 rhachis.) Glumes none! or small, awn-like, and deciduous (whence the name, 

 from yvfwos, naked, and ort^os, rank). Otherwise nearly as in Elymus. 



1. G. H^strix, Schreb. Spike loose (3' -6' long); the spreading spike- 

 lets 2-3 together, early deciduous; flowers smoothish or often rough-hairy, 

 tipped with an awn thrice their length (!' long) ; leaves and sheaths smoothish ; 

 culm ;5-4 high; root perennial. (Elymus Hystrix, L.) Moist woodlands. 

 July, Aug. 



