650 GRAMINE^:. (GRASS FAMILY.) 



* * Bristles in clusters, roughened or barbed upwards. 



2. S. GLAtiCA, Beauv. (FOXTAIL.) Spike cylindrical, dense, tawny yellow 

 (2' -4' long) ; bristks 6-11 in a duster, much longer than the spikelets ; perfect 

 flower transversely wrinkled. Very common, in stubble, &c. (Adv. from Eu.) 



3. S. vfRims, Beauv. (GREEN FOXTAIL. BOTTLE-GRASS.) Spike nearly 

 cylindrical, more or less compound, green ; bristles few, longer than the spikelets ; 

 perfect flower striate lengthwise and dotted. Cultivated grounds. (Adv. from Eu. ) 



4. S. ITALICA, Kunth. Spike compound, interrupted at the base, thick, nod- 

 ding (6' -9' long, yellowish 'or purplish ) ; bristles 2 or 3 in a cluster, either much 

 longer or else shorter than the spikelets. (S. Germanica, Beauv.) Sometimes 

 cultivated under the name of MILLET, or BENGAL GRASS : rarely spontaneous. 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



62. CENCHBUS, L. HEDGEHOG- or BUR-GRASS. (PI. 14.) 



Spikelets as in Panicum, awnless, but enclosed 1 to 5 together in a globular 

 and bristly or spiny involucre, which becomes coriaceous and forms a deciduous 

 hard and rigid bur : the involucres sessile in a terminal spike. Styles united 

 below. (An ancient Greek name of Setaria Italica.) 



1. C. tribuloides, L. Culms branched and ascending (1- 2 high) from 

 an annual root ; leaves flat ; spike oblong, of 8 - 20 spherical heads ; involucre 

 prickly all over with spreading and barbed short spines, more or less downy, 

 enclosing 2 or 3 spikelets. Sandy soil, on the coast, the Great Lakes, and the 

 larger rivers. Aug. A vile weed. 



63. TBIPSACUM, L. GAMA-GRASS. SESAME-GRASS. (PI. 14.) 



Spikelets monoecious, in jointed spikes, which are staminate above and fertile 

 below. Staminate spikelets 2, sessile at each triangular joint of the narrow 

 rhachis, forming a 1 -sided and 2-ranked spike longer than the joints, both alike, 

 2-flowered : glumes coriaceous, the lower (outer) one nerved, the inner one boat- 

 shaped : palets very thin and membranaceous, awnless : anthers (turning orange 

 or reddish-brown) opening by 2 pores at the apex. Pistillate spikelets single 

 and deeply imbedded in each oblong joint of the cartilaginous thickened rhachis, 

 occupying a boat-shaped recess which is closed by the polished and cartilaginous 

 ovate outer glume, the inner glume much thinner and- pointed, 2-flowered ; the 

 lower flower neutral, palets very thin and scarious, pointless. Styles united : 

 stigmas very long (purple), hispid. Grain ovoid, free. Culms stout and tall, 

 solid, from very thick creeping rootstocks. Leaves broad and flat. Spikes ax- 

 illary and terminal, separating spontaneously into joints at maturity. (Name 

 from r/3t/3o>, to rub, perhaps in allusion to the polished fertile spike.) 



1. T. dactyloides, L. Spikes (4' -8' long) 2-3 together at the summit 

 (when their contiguous sides are more or less flattened), and also solitary from 

 some of the upper sheaths (when the fertile part is cylindrical) ; sometimes, var. 

 MONOSTACHYUM, the terminal spike also solitary. Moist soil, from Connecti- 

 cut to Pennsylvania, near the coast, and from Illinois south wai'd. Aug. Culm 

 4 - 7 high : the leaves like those of Indian Corn. This is one of our largest 

 and most remarkable Grasses : sometimes used for fodder at the South, where 

 better is not to be had. 



