iii. 14. 89 



close to the stomach ; while in birds, if present at all, they are 

 lower down-, near the end of the gut?^ Some of the vivipara 

 also have processes connected with the lower part of the gut 

 which serve the same purpose as that stated above. ^^ 



The whole tribe of fishes is of gluttonous appetite, owing to the 

 arrangements for the reduction of their food being very imperfect, 

 and much of it, consequently passing through them without under- 

 going concoction; and, of all, those are the most gluttonous "that 

 have a straight intestine. For as the passage of food in siich 

 cases is rapid, and the enjoyment derived from it in consequence 

 but brief, it follows of necessity that the return of appetite is 

 also speedy.2^ 



It has already been mentioned that in animals with front teeth 

 in both jaws the stomach is of small size.^* It may be classed 

 pretty nearly always under one or other of two headings, namely 

 as resembling the stomach of the dog, or as resembling the 

 stomach of the pig. In the pig the stomach is larger than in 

 the dog, and presents certain flat projections of moderate size, 

 the purpose of whidh is to lengthen out the period of concoction ; 

 while the stomach of the dog is of small size, not much larger 

 in calibre than the gut, and smooth on the internal surface.^ 



Not much larger, I say, than the gut ; for in all animals after 

 the stomach comes the gut. This, like the stomach, presents 

 numerous modifications. For in some animals it is uniform, 

 when uncoiled, and alike throughout, while in others it differs 

 in different portions. Thus in some cases it is wider in the neigh- 

 bourhood of the stomach, and narrower at the other .end. This 

 is the case in dogs, and explains why they have to strain so 

 much in discharging their excrement. While in other animals, 

 and these the majority, it is the upper portion that is the narrower 

 and the lower that is of greater width.^^ 



Of larger size than in any of these animals, and much con- 

 voluted, are the intestines of those that have horns.^' The 

 bulgings moreover both of their stomach and of their intestines 

 are more prominent, in accordance with the larger bulk of their 

 bodies generally. For the horned anirnals are, as a rule, of large 

 bulk, because of the thorough elaboration which their food under- 

 goes.2^ The gut, excepting in those animals where it runs in a 

 straight line, invariably widens out as we get farther from the 

 stomach and come to what is called the colon and to a kind of 

 675b. 



