234 Notes, iv. 9. 



body than Sepia ; a smaller ink-bag, placed higher up ; and a cartilaginous internal 

 support, shaped like a sword. The modem Teuthidae, comprising the calamaries or. 

 squids, are thus clearly indicated. It is doubtful, however, what species answer to 

 Teuthi and Teuthides respectively. The Teuthi are said to be bigger than Teuthides ; 

 to have a blunter apex ; and to be encircled by a continuous fin ; whereas the fin only 

 partially encircles the body in the Teuthides. The Teuthus is ordinarily supposed to be 

 Loligo vulgaris, and Teuthis to be Loligo media : a view accepted by Owen ( Todd^s 

 Cycl. i. 561) • The description of the fins, however, hardly tallies with this opinion (^M. 

 Edwards^ Mollusca, pi. vii. f. i). Frantzius is confident that by Teuthis is meant Sepiola 

 or Rossia. This would suit the account given of the fin. But on the other hand the 

 apex of the body is remarkably obtuse in Sepiola or Rossia {M. Edwards, Moll. pi. viii. 

 f. 3) ; whereas A. says that the apex of Teuthis is sharper pointed than that of Teuthus. 

 We must, I think, be content to speak of Teuthi and Teuthides as large and small 

 calamaries without affecting further precision. 



2. Cf. iv. 5. 



3. A similar idea concerning the cuttlefish, viz. that it was comparable to a vertebrate 

 animal bent double, with the approximated arms and legs extending forwards, was 

 advanced in a paper read before the Academy of Sciences in 1830. This paper was 

 referred to Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and Latreille ; was reported on most favourably, and its 

 position in fact almost entirely adopted, by them. This was the starting-point in the 

 famous controversy between G. St.-Hilaire and Cuvier as to unity of type ; the con- 

 troversy which excited Goethe more than the revolution of 1830 (seeZ^wj' Goethe, ii. 436). 



4. Excluding, that is, the Echini, which he reckons among the Turbinata, notwith- 

 standing that they have no spiral shell. 



5. It thus appears that this treatise was illustrated, as also were those on Anatomy. 

 Cf. iv. S, Note 33 ; cf. ii. 8, 8. 



6. The head and body in the Octopodidse are connected by a broad cervical band. 

 This, and the comparatively small size of the body, doubtless caused the entire mass 

 to be looked on as a head by the vulgar. 



7. In Gasteropoda the mouth and anus are near each other, but never in the same 

 median plane. 



8. The ordinary mode of progression of Octopodidse is by crawling. 



9. A. is not quite correct in his view of the part taken by the posterior limbs, at 

 least in Mammalia. For though these take the chief part in the propulsion of the body, 

 it is on the fore limbs that devolves the greater share in its support ; and it is this 

 difference in function that explains the different conformation of mantis and pes. Cf. 

 Owen, Nature of Limbs, p. 26, and Archet. of the Skeleton, p. 167. 



10. There does not seem any very certain rule as to the comparative lengths of the 

 different arms in Sepia and Loligo. The general rule, however, is that there is a 

 gradual increase in length from the dorsal to the ventral pair ; and the statement in the 

 text that the ventral pair are the biggest, and the third pair the next in size, accords 

 with this. Neither does there seem to be any certain rule in this matter in Octopodidae. 

 Cuvier {Reg. An. iii. 11) says that their arms are all much of the same length. Owen 

 {Lect. on Comp. Anat. i. 344) says that in most of them the dorsal pair are the longest. 



11. A. does not reckon the two retractile tentacles or " proboscides " as feet ; so that 

 he is correct in saying that all Cephalopoda are octopodous. 



12. Cf. ii. 9, Note 9. "The development of the eight external arms bears an 

 inverse proportion to that of the body ; they are therefore longer in the short round- 

 bodied Octopi, and shortest in the lengthened Calamaries and Cuttlefishes, in which 



