8 



THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



the second to the seventh ; and, in some animals, the anterior 

 surface of the body presents a tubercle which articulates 

 with a cavity hollowed in the posterior surface of that 

 of the vertebra before it ; this feature dwindles away in the 

 dorsal and lumbar regions. 



The spinous process, slightly developed in the third 

 cervical vertebra, gradually increases in size to the seventh, 

 the spinous process of which, long and pointed, well deserves 

 the name of the prominent which is bestowed on it ;' but it 

 should not be forgotten that the spinous process of the axis 

 is equally developed. 



y^\ 



Fig. 3. — Size of the Atlas compared with the Transverse Dimen- 

 sions OF the corresponding Regions of the Skull in a Dog. 



I, Atlas, 2 ; zygomatic arch ; 3, external occipital protuberance ; 4, 



inferior maxilla. 



On the inferior surface of the body of each of the vertebrae 

 is found a prominent crest, especially well marked at the 

 posterior part ; this crest is but slightly developed in the 

 bear and in the cat tribe, and is not found in swine. 



The transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae, from 

 their relation to the trachea, are known as the tracheal 

 ■processes. 



The most marked characteristic of the dorsal vertebrae is 

 furnished by the spinous processes. They are long and 

 narrow. As a rule, the_spinou3_ processes of the foremost 



