OSTEOLOGY AND ARTHROLOGY 



23 



In quadrupeds whose scapula, on the contrary, is wanting 

 in the cartilage of prolongation (in the clawed,'^ such as the 

 cat and dog), the superior border of the scapula is visible, 

 especially when the animal is resting on its fore-limbs, par- 

 ticularly when it crouches ; at such a time the skin is mark- 

 edly raised by that border ; and the spinous processes of 

 the vertebrae, beyond which it projects, occupy the bottom 



1 



Fig. 12. — Left Scapula of 

 THE Human Being, Pos- 

 terior Surface, placed 

 IN THE Position which 

 it would Occupy in the 

 Skeleton of a Quad- 

 ruped. 



I, Cervical border; 2, 

 spinal border; 3, axillary 

 border; 4, supraspinous fossa; 

 5, subspinous fossa; 6, 

 scapular spine ; 7, glenoid 

 cavity; 8, coracoid process; 

 9, acromion process. 



Fig. 13. — Left Scapula of a Horse: 

 External Surface. 



I, Cervical border; 2, spinal border — 

 the scapula here represented, being from 

 a hoofed animal, has a cartilage of exten- 

 sion attached to its spinal border ; 3, 

 axillary border ; 4, supraspinous fossa ; 

 c, subspinous fossa ; 6, spine of the 

 scapula ; 7, glenoid cavity ; 8, coracoid 

 process. The scapula of the horse has no 

 acromion process, but it is easy, if we 

 compare the human scapula, to judge of 

 the position which this process would 

 occupy if it were present. 



of a fossa (Fig. 15). The internal surface of the scapula 

 is turned towards the ribs ; it is known, as in man (in whom 

 this surface is anterior), as the subscapular fossa. 



Its external surface is divided into two parts by the spine 

 oi the scapula ; which, in some animals, terminates inferiorly 

 in a flat and clearly distinct process, the homologue of the 



* For the definition of this word, see p. 37, 



