54 THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



curved inwards ; this tubercle is situated above the glenoid 

 cavity, at the inferior part of the cervical border. 



In the dog, the posterior angle, formed by the junction 

 of the axillary and the superior (spinal) borders, is obtuse ; 

 the spine rises perpendicularly from the surface of the bone. 

 The width of the scapula, measured at the level of the 

 spinal border (from A to A', Fig. 35), equals about half the 

 length of the spine. We must, however, make an excep- 

 tion for the turnspit dog, in which the superior border 

 equals three-fourths of that length. The scapula is, in this 

 case, of a more compact type ; it is broader, but shorter. 

 In the cat, the anterior outline of the scapula, formed by 

 the union of the cervical border and the corresponding half 

 of the spinal, is more convex ; the posterior angle is not 

 obtuse, as in the dog. The spine is bent slightly down- 

 wards and backwards ; before terminating in the acro- 

 mion process it presents a triangular projection, the apex 

 of which is directed downwards. The tubercle which re- 

 presents the coracoid process is curved inwards more 

 strongly than that of the dog, thus resembling more 

 closely the appearance of this process in the human 

 being. 



All proportions considered, the scapula of the cat is 

 broader than that of the dog ; its width, measured along 

 the length of its spinal border (from A to A', Fig. 36), 

 equals three-fourths of the length of the spine. 



The clavicle is rudimentary ; it is, however, better de- 

 veloped in the cat than in the dog. The clavicle of the cat 

 is represented by a small, elongated bone, curved in out- 

 line, the convexity being turned forward ; it is united to 

 the acromion and the sternum by ligamentous fibres ; that 

 of the dog is merely a scale-like osseous plate situated on 

 the posterior surface of a muscle of this region (see Figs. 16 

 and 17). 



The humerus is long and twisted in the shape of an S. The 

 inferior articular surface has the form of a simple pulley, 

 for the condyle is very slightly marked. The internal part 

 of this articular surface descends lower than the external ; 

 this condition resembles that found in the human being, 



