62 THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



the deltoid impression is but slightly marked ; in the ox, 

 it is more evident. 



The forearm is directed obliquely downwards and in- 

 wards, so as to form, with the hand, an angle of which the 

 apex is internal ; this angular outline of the knee (wrist) is 

 so characteristic of ruminants that the corresponding region 

 of the horse, when salient inwards, receives the name of 

 ox-knee. The radius bears the coronoid process, and the 

 larger part of the articular surface which comes in contact 

 with the inferior extremity of the humerus ; the condyle 

 and the trochlea articulate with the radius in front ; while 

 behind, the trochlea articulates with that part of the sig- 

 moid cavity which belongs to the ulna. The posterior 

 surface of the shaft of the radius is flattened ; its anterior 

 surface is slightly convex. The inferior extremity articu- 

 lates with the carpus by a surface which is directed obliquely 

 downwards and inwards. The shaft of the ulna is very 

 slender, and fused in its middle third with the body of the 

 radius ; it terminates below, at the level of the external 

 part of the inferior extremity of the radius, by a slightly 

 expanded portion which, fused with this latter, forms the 

 articular surface for the carpal bones. 



In the ox the forearm is short ; in the sheep it is propor- 

 tionally longer. 



The bones of the carpus are six in number — four in the 

 upper row, and two in the lower ; they form an irregular 

 cuboid mass which contributes to the formation of the 

 region known as the knee in ruminants, as in the horse ; we 

 have already remarked that the name ' wrist ' would be 

 more accurate. The anterior surface in its foremost part 

 is veiticai, and is slightly convex from side to side. At its 

 posterior and external part the pisiform bone forms a pro- 

 minence. 



The metacarpus consists of two bones only — one, well 

 developed, which is known as the principal metacarpal, or 

 the canon bone (this is the name given to the' region in the 

 hoofed animals) ; and a rudimentary one, which is situated 

 at the superior and external aspect of the preceding meta- 

 carpal. Sometimes there is found a third metacarpal 



