74 



THIi ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



other hand, is inchned more backwards. But it is necessary 

 to add that, during these displacements, the scapulo- 

 humeral angle varies ; it tends to close during the flexion 

 of the humerus, and becomes more open during extension. 



The movements and the relations of the humerus and 

 the scapula are clearly represented in Figs. 41 and 42, 

 reproduced from the chromophotographic studies of Professor 

 Mare}' — studies relative to the analyses of the movements 

 of the horse.* They show clearly the movements of flexion 

 and extension of the humerus, also the balancing of the 

 scapula which accompanies the movements. 



Fig. 41. — Flexion of the 

 Humerus : Right Anterior 

 Limb of the Horse, External 

 Surface (after a Chromo- 

 photographic Study by Pro- 

 fessor Marey). 



Fig. 4.>. — Extension of the 

 Humerus : Right Anterior 

 Limb of the Horse, External 



SURFACE (after A ChROMO- 



photographic Study by Pro- 

 fessor Marey). 



The Articulation of the Elbow, or the Humero-ulnar 

 Articulation. — In this articulation, which is constructed in 

 the form of a true hinge, the movements of flexion and ex- 

 tension alone are possible. In flexion, the forearm, directed 

 forwards, is folded on the arm, with which, in certain circum- 

 stances, it comes in contact. For example, in a horse of 



* E. J. Marey, ' Analyses of the^Movements of the Horse by the Chromo- 

 photograph ' {La Natura, June 11, 1898). 



