OSTEOLOGY AND ARTHROLOGY 



95 



This arrangement reminds us of that found in the cami- 

 vora. 



The femur presents nothing very special. The knee-cap 

 is thick, and ovoid in outhne. 



The fibula is completely developed, as in the carnivora ; 

 and is connected with the tibia at both its extremities. 



The tarsus consists of seven bones. The astragalus and 

 the calcaneum differ slightly from those of ruminants. 



The foot, like the hand, has two median digits which rest 

 on the ground by their third phalanges ; and an internal and 



Fig. 51. — Pelvis of the Ox : Superior Surface. 



1, Iliac crest : 2, externa! iliac fossa ; 3, sacrum ; AA', bi-iliac diameter ; 



BB', bi-ischiadic diameter. 



an external digit, which are removed from it. The meta- 

 tarsals are a little longer than the metacarpals, 



Unguligrades : Sheep, Ox (Fig. 39, p. 61). — ^The 

 pelvis of ruminants of this group closely resembles that of 

 the horse, which we will study later on (see p. 99). That 

 which we must at once point out is that, with regard to 

 the ratio formed by a comparison of the bi-iliac and bi- 

 ischiatic diameters, it may be placed between the ratio 

 obtained in comparing those diameters in the pelvis of the 

 carnivora and that of the solipeds. Indeed, in the rumin- 

 ants, the distance which separates the ischia exceeds the 

 width of one iliac only, and does not equal, as in the 

 fehde, the total width of the anterior part of the pelvis 



