114 THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



looks backwards, and is limited above by the external 

 occipital protuberance, which forms the culminating 

 point of the skull ; this point is situated between the 

 ears. 



This protuberjince, prolonged on each side by the superior 

 curved line of the occipital bone, is so much the more 

 prominent as this bone bends sharply a second time, so 

 as to form a third portion, which, looking forwards, forms 

 part of the anterior aspect of the skull, and proceeds to 

 articulate with the parietals. On this third portion is 

 found a crest which, proceeding from the occipital pro- 

 tuberance, is continuous in front with the parietal crests, 

 to which we will again refer in speaking of the parietal 

 bones. 



On the inferior surface of the human occipital bone are 

 found, at the level of, and external to, the condyles two bony 

 elevations which bear the name of jugular eminences. They 

 are long in quadrupeds, and constitute what are desig- 

 nated by some authors the styloid processes, but they must 

 not be confounded with the processes of the same name 

 which in the case of man form part of the temporal bone. 

 These processes are very highly developed in the pig, horse, 

 ox, and sheep. 



In the ox, the occipital bone is deprived of the pro- 

 tuberance, and is not bent on itself in the anterior portion, 

 neither does it form the most salient part of the skull ; this 

 latter, which is situated at the level of the horns, belongs 

 to the frontal bone. In the pig, also, the occipital bone 

 is not bent upon itself in its anterior portion, but forms 

 the summit of the head. The occipital protuberance, 

 hollowed on its posterior surface, rises vertically, and 

 rests upon the parietal bone, with which it forms an acute 

 angle. 



The parietals, two separate bones in the dog and the 

 cat, but fused in the median line in the ox, sheep, and horse, 

 are of special interest in regard to the two crests which, in 

 the carnivora, and also in the pig and the horse, occupy 

 their external surface, and, after diverging from one 

 another, are continued by a crest which crosses the frontal 



