MYOLOGY 149 



possible to lift up this skin along with the panniculus which 

 it covers, and to which it adheres, throughout the whole 

 extent of the dorso-lumbar column. As we pointed out 

 above, there is also a panniculus muscle of the shoulder 

 and one of the neck. We will deal with them when treating 

 of the regions to which those muscles belong. 



The Coccygeal Region 



As a sequel to the study of the muscles of the region of 

 the trunk very naturally comes the description f those which, 

 belonging to the region of the coccyx, are destined for the 

 movements of the caudal appendix, of which this latter 

 constitutes the skeleton. The muscles may not seem to 

 be of much importance with regard to external form, but, 

 as they form part of the superficial muscular layer, and 

 as the mass of each is seen in the form of the tail in some 

 animals (the lion, for example), they merit our attention for 

 a moment. A few lines will suffice to give an idea of them. 

 They are : the ischio-coccygeal, superior sacro-coccygeal, lateral 

 sacro-coccygeal, and inferior sacro-coccygeal. 



The Ischio-coccygeal (Fig. 18, 38 ; Fig. 69, 33 ; Fig. 70, 42). 

 — ^This muscle, triangular in shape, better developed in the 

 carnivora than in the horse, arises from the spine of the 

 ischium, or from the supracotyloid crest, which replaces 

 this latter in the solipeds and the ruminants. Thence its 

 fleshy mass is directed upwards, expanding as it proceeds to 

 be inserted into the transverse processes of the first two 

 coccygeal vertebrae after insinuating itself between two of the 

 following muscles, the lateral and inferior sacro-coccygeal. 



In the dog and cat, the muscle is in great part covered by 

 the great gluteal. In the ox, by a peculiar arrangement of 

 the corresponding region of the muscles of the thigh — an 

 arrangement which we will examine in connection with the 

 study of the latter — it is more exposed than in the horse, 

 and gives origin to an outline which corresponds to its general 

 form in the region situated immediately below the root of 

 the tail. 



It is a depressor of the whole caudal appendix. 



