156 THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



man alone excepted. It is, however, sometimes found in 

 the human being ; but it then constitutes an anomaly. 



In the dog, pig, and ox, it arises from the inferior part 

 of the spine of the scapula, in the region of the acromion, and 

 terminates on the lateral portion of the atlas. 



In the cat it is attached besides to the base of the occipital 

 bone. It is visible in the space limited by the trapezius 

 and the mastoido-humeral, the direction of which it crosses 

 obliquely. 



In the horse it appears to be blended in clearly defined 

 fashion with the mastoido-humeral. Attached below, like 

 this latter, to the anterior border of the humerus, it covers 

 the scapulo-humeral angle ; and is attached by its upper 

 portion to the transverse processes of the first four cervical 

 vertebrae. 



We remember that the transverse processes are often, 

 from their relation with the trachea, known as the tracheal 

 processes. Hence the word ' trachelian,' which forms part 

 of the name of the muscle with which we are now dealing. 



By its contraction it helps to draw the anterior limb 

 forwards. 



When this muscle, as an abnormality, exists in man, it 

 arises from the clavicle or the acromion process, traverses 

 the supraclavicular fossa, and is inserted into the trans- 

 verse processes of the altas or axis, or of both these 

 vertebrae, or of the cervical vertebrae below these latter. 

 It is then known by the names of the elevator of the clavicle 

 or elevator of the scapula, and, finally, as the cleido-omo- 

 transversalis (Testut).* 



The Levator Anguli Scapulae (Fig. 68, 15 ; Fig. 70, 23). — 

 As we have pointed out (p. 136), the levator anguli scapulae, 

 because of its connections with the great serratus, is some- 

 times described with it. But inasmuch as in human anatomy 

 these two muscles are considered separately, and that, in 

 the superficial layer of muscles, they are seen in different 



* L. Testut, ' Les anomalies mnsculaires chez rhomme expliquees 

 par ranatomie comparee,' Paris, 1884, p. 97. A. F. Le Double, ' Traite 

 des variations du systeme musculaire de Thomme et de leur signification 

 au point de vue de I'anthropologie zoologique,' Paris, 1897, t. i., p. 235. 



