i64 THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



towards the arm, to be inserted into the small tuberosity 

 of the humerus. It is an adductor of the arm. 



The subscapularis does not offer any interest from the point 

 of view of external form, for it is completely covered by the 

 scapula. 



We speak of it, however, because we mention it in 

 human anatomy, and that it affords us here a new oppor- 

 tunity of brmging into prominence the differences which exist 

 in connection with the mobility of the shoulder. 



We remember that in man, when the arm is abducted, and 

 then raised a little above the horizontal, the scapula see- 

 saws, is separated, to a certain extent, from the thoracic cage 

 interiorly and externally, and that, on the superficial layer of 

 muscles, we are then able to see in the bottom of the arm- 

 pit, at the level of the deep portion of the posterior wall of the 

 latter, a small part of the subscapularis muscle. 



In the animals with which we are here occupied it is not 

 the same ; for they are incapable of performing with their 

 fore-limbs a movement analogous to that to which we have 

 just referred, the humerus in their case being retained in 

 contact with the trunk by the muscular masses which 

 surround it. 



Supraspinatus (Fig. 68, 19 ; Fig. 70, 25 ; Fig. 72, 7). — 

 This muscle, as its name indicates, occupies the supra- 

 spinous fossa — that is to say, that which, by reason of the 

 direction of the scapula in quadrupeds, is situated in front of 

 rather than above the spine. It arises from this fossa ; and, 

 further, from the external surface of the cartilage which 

 prolongs the scapula upwards in solipeds and ruminants. It 

 projects more or less beyond the supraspinous fossa in front. 



After passing downwards towards the humerus, it is in- 

 that is to say, to a part of this osseous prominence which 

 serted into the summit of the great tuberosity or trochiter — 

 represents the anterior facet of the great tuberosity of the 

 human humerus, into which, as we know, the corresponding 

 muscle is inserted. 



In solipeds and ruminants it is inserted, by a second 

 fasciculus, into the small tuberosity. 



In the pig and the horse its anterior border is in relation 



