232 THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



As for the dorsalis pedis of the ox and the horse, it is 

 extremely rudimentary, and occupies the superior part of 

 the canon. It is a small, fleshy body, situated on the an- 

 terior surface of the metatarsus, which arises from the cal- 

 caneum, whence it passes to unite at its inferior extremity 

 with the tendon of the extensor of the phalanges. 



As regards the muscles of the sole of the foot, we think it 

 unnecessary to occupy ourselves at any length with them be- 

 cause of their slight importance with regard to external form. 



We will only recall that in the median portion of this 

 plantar surface we find in man the short flexor of the toes, 

 which in quadrupeds arises higher up, from the posterior 

 surface of the femur ; that it belongs to the muscles of the 

 leg ; and that it forms the superficial flexor of the toes, 

 which we have already studied. 



We may further add that the suspensory ligament of the 

 fetlock in ruminants and solipeds represents, as in the fore- 

 limbs, the interosseous muscles. 



MUSCLES OF THE HEAD 



We will divide these muscles into two categories : 

 masticatory and cutaneous. 



Masticatory Muscles 



The muscles of this group which specially interest us are 

 the masseter and the temporal. As regards the pterygoids, 

 since they are situated within the borders of the inferior 

 maxillary bone, and consequently do not reach the surface, 

 we shall not require to occupy ourselves with them here. 



Masseter (Fig. 89, 2; Fig. 90, i ; Figs. 91, 92). — For those 

 who have studied the masseter of man, it is not difficult to 

 recognise that of quadrupeds. Nevertheless, the particular 

 aspect which it presents in different species gives to its 

 study a certain interest. 



Arising from the zygomatic arch, and passing downwards 

 and backwards, it is inserted into the external surface of 

 the ramus of the mandible and into its angle. 



