244 THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



Superficial Cervico-auricular {Cervico-auricularis supe- 

 rior is). — This muscle, inserted into the posterior surface of 

 the concha, draws this cartilage backwards and downwards. 



Middle Cervico-auricular {Cervico-auricularis medius). — 

 Situated between the two other muscles of the same group, 

 it proceeds, after having covered the superior extremity of 

 the parotid gland, to be inserted into the external part of 

 the base of the concha. It determines the rotation of this 

 concha in such a way as to direct the opening of the ear 

 backwards. 



Deep Cervico-auricular {Cervico-auricularis inferior is). 

 — Covered by the preceding muscle and the superior por- 

 tion of the parotid, it is inserted into the base of the pinna 

 of the ear, and has the same action as the middle cervico- 

 auricular. 



Parotido-auricularis (Fig. 92, 15). — This is a long and 

 thin fleshy band which arises from the external surface of 

 the parotid gland, and tapering as it passes upwards 

 towards the pinna of the ear, is inserted into the external 

 surface of the base of the concha, below the inferior part of 

 the angle of reunion of the two borders which limit its 

 opening. 



It inclines the pinna outwards ; it is, accordingly, an 

 abductor of the pinna. 



Temporo-auricularis Internus. — This muscle is covered 

 by the external temporo-auricular and the superior cervico- 

 auricular. It arises from the parietal crest, and is inserted 

 into the internal surface of the concha. It is an adductor 

 of the pinna of the ear. 



There are, finally, an internal scuto-auricular muscle and 

 a tympano-auricular ; but they do not present any interest 

 for us ; we can simply confine ourselves to making mention 

 of them. 



In the ox, because of the situation of the temporal fossa 

 and the fact that the external temporo-auricular muscle is 

 applied, as in the horse, over the muscle which this fossa 

 contains, this temporo-auricular muscle does not reach the 

 middle line (Fig. 91, 12). 



But in the cat and the dog this muscle covers all the upper 



