266 THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



4. A head measured from the top of the forelock to the 

 commissure of the lips (C). This measurement slightly 

 curtailed, unless the mouth is very deeply cleft, equals : 



The length of the crupper, taken from the superior point 

 of the anterior angle of the ilium to the tuberosity of the 

 ischium, forming the point of the buttock. 



The width of the crupper or of the haunches, taken from 

 the inferior points of the angles of the ilia. 



The height of the crupper, viewed laterally, taken from the 

 summit of the posterior angles of the ilia to the point of 

 the patella, the leg being in a state of rest. 



The lateral measure of the posterior limb, from the point 

 of the patella, to the lateral and salient part of the ham, 

 to the right of the articulation of the tibia with the 

 trochlea. 



The perpendicular height of the articulation above named 

 above the ground. 



The distance from the point of the arm to the angle 

 formed by the ] unction of the head and neck. 



The distance from the summit of the withers to the junction 

 of the neck with the thorax. 



5. Twice this last measure (C)* gives almost : 



The distance of the summit of the withers to the tip of the 

 patella. 



The distance of the point of the elbow to the summit of the 

 crupper or the posterior angles of the ilia. 



6. Three times this measure, plus a half-width of the 

 pastern, the equivalent of two heads and a half, will 

 give : 



The height of the body, taken from the top of the withers 

 to the ground. 



Its length, taken from the point of the arm to the point 

 of the buttock inclusive. 



7. This same measure, plus the entire width of the 

 pastern, gives : 



The total length of the body, taken accurately. 



* The proportions given in the two paragraphs 6 and 7 are, under 

 another form, the same as those pointed out in paragraph 2, with this 

 difference, that in this latter they are more clearly expressed. 



