PROPORTIONS 271 



very open. This distance is always much less in others 

 (G. and B.).* 

 Two and a half times the length of the head gives : 



1. The height of the withers, H, above the ground. f 



2. The height of the summit of the crupper above the 

 ground. J 



3. Very often the length of the body, from the point of 

 the arm to that of the buttock, although for a long time 

 the type of Bourgelat had been set aside as a conventional 

 model, short and massive. § 



And M. Duhousset adds to this : 



' The drawing that we offer, which has two heads and 

 a half in height and length, is that of a horse which 

 we frequently meet with ' (see Fig. 107 ; see also p. 279, 

 where we again consider this question of the length of the 

 body of the horse). 



' The crupper, from the point of the haunch to that of 

 the buttock, D, F, is always less than that of the head. 

 This difference varies from 5 to 10 centimetres. The 

 width of the crupper, from one haunch to the other, often 

 very slightly exceeds its length.' MM. Goubeaux and 

 Barrier add that frequently it equals it.|| 



' The crupper, such as we have just defined it, D, H, may 

 also be found to a fair degree of exactness, as regards length, 

 four times on the same horse.' 



* A proportion relative to the same region, and which at the outset 

 might appear similar, is pointed out by Bourgelat (see p. 266, paragraph 4). 

 But there exists a difference, for Bourgelat compared the length of the 

 head, measured from the forelock to the commissure of the lips, and not 

 that of the entire head, to the distance which separates the summit of 

 the rump and the tip of the patella. 



•]• This proportion is that given by Bourgelat (see p. 265, paragraph 2). 



!j Consequently the withers and the crupper, being the same height, are 

 sTtuated on the same horizontal plane. Bourgelat, on the contrary, 

 points out a difference of level in connection with these regions. Accord- 

 ing to him the summit of the crupper is situated below the horizontal plane 

 passing the withers, and this distance equals half of the space which 

 separates the great angle of one eye from that of the other (see p. 269. 

 paragraph 20). § See p. 265, paragraph 2. 



II If we refer to the proportions indicated by Bourgelat, we shall find 

 that the proportions relative to the crupper are also indicated there 

 (see p. 266, paragraph 4). 



