272 THE ARTISTIC ANATOMY OF ANIMALS 



1. From the point of the buttock to the inferior part of 

 the stifle, F, P. 



2. The width of the neck, a httle in front of the withers 

 to a little above the point of the arm, S, X.* 



3. From this latter point to below the lower jaw, X, Q, 

 when the head is naturally placed parallel to the shoulders, 

 E, H.t 



4. From the nape to the nostrils, n n'.% 



The measure of half of the head also acts as a ^ood 

 guide for the construction of the horse, when we know that 

 it frequently applies to many of the parts — to wit : 



1. From the forehead above the eyes, perpendicular to the 

 line which is tangent to the lower jaw, P, Q. 



2. Outline of the neck at the level of the base of the head, 



3. From the crown of the fore-foot to below the knee, 

 T, T; 



4. In the legs, from the base of the fetlock to that of the 

 ham, U, V. 



5. Finally, it is nearly of the length of the humerus from 

 the point E to the radius. |i 



* MM. Goiibeaux and Barrier reolace this by the following : ' The width of 

 neck at its inferior attachment from its insertion into the chest to the origin 

 of the withers, S, X.' Bourgelat discovered the same proportion (see p. 266, 

 last line of paragraph 4). 



f MM. Goubeaux and Barrier replace this by the following : ' From 

 the insertion of the neck into the chest to the lower border of the lower 

 jaw, X, Q, when the head is parallel to the shoulder.' 



X MM. Goubeaux and Barrier add : ' Or to the commissure of the lips.' 

 It is thus, besides, that Bourgelat measured the head for comparison with 

 the crupper (see p. 266, paragraph 4). 



§ Proportion indicated by Bourgelat (see p. 267, paragraph 9). 



II MM. Goubeaux and Barrier replace these by the following : 



1. 'From the most prominent part of the lower jaw to the profile 

 of the forehead above the eye, P, Q (thickness of the head). 



2. ' From the throat to the superior border of the neck behind the nape, 

 Q, L (attachment of the head). 



3. ' From the inferior part of the knee to the crown, T, T'. 



4. ' From the base of the ham to the fetlock, U, V. 



5. ' Finally, from the point of the arm to the articulation of the elbow 

 {approximate length of the arm).' 



