184 Success with Small Fruits. 



moderately firm. Plant a few in some out-of-the-way place, and it 

 will give the largest return for the least amount of labor of any kind 

 with which I am acquainted. The canes are very vigorous, of a 

 golden reddish-brown, like mahogany, over which spreads in many 

 places a purple bloom, like that on a grape, and which rubs off at the 

 touch. It is almost free from spines, and so closely resembles the 

 " Southern Thornless " in all respects that I cannot distinguish between 

 them. 



The Turner is a fine example of the result of persistent well-doing. 

 After having been treated slightingly and written down at the East for ten 

 years or more, it is now steadily winning its way toward the front rank. 

 Mr. A. S. Fuller, who has tried most of the older varieties, says that he 

 keeps a patch of it for his own use, because it gives so much good fruit 

 with so little trouble. 



I shall give its origin in Professor Turner's own words, as far as possible: 

 "Soon after I came to Illinois, in 1833, I obtained, through a friend 

 from the East, some raspberries sold to me as the 'Red Antwerp/ 

 I do not know or believe that there was at that time any other red 

 raspberry within one hundred miles of this place. Indeed, I have never 

 seen a native wild red raspberry in the State, though it may be there 

 are some. I found the Antwerp would not stand our climate, but by 

 extreme care I protected it one winter, and it bore some fruit. I con- 

 ceived the idea of amusing my leisure hours from college duty by 

 raising new seedling raspberries, strawberries, etc., that would be 

 adapted to the climate of the State. I had only a small garden spot, 

 no particular knowledge of the business, and no interest in it outside 

 of the public good. I read upon the subject, as far as I then could, 

 and planted and nursed my seedlings. Out of hundreds or thousands 

 sown, I got one good early strawberry, which had a local run for a time ; 

 one fair blackberry, but no grapes or raspberries that seemed worth 

 anything. The seeds of the raspberries were sown in ? bed back of 

 my house, and the shoots reserved were all nurtured on thx, same bed. 

 After I supposed them to be a failure, I set out an arbor vitae hedge 

 directly across the raspberry bed, making some effort to destroy the 

 canes so that the little cedars might grow. Sometimes, when they were 

 in the way of the cedars they were hoed out. If any of them bore 

 berries, the fowls doubtless destroyed them, or the children ate them 

 before they ripened, until the cedars got so high as to give them pro- 

 tection. Then the children found the ripe fruit, and reported it to me. 

 I have not the least doubt but this raspberry came from a seed of 



