240 Success with Small Fruits. 



five inches of straw or hay, and raking it off again as soon as the 

 temperature rose sufficiently high in the morning. 



Without doubt, new diseases and enemies to the strawberry will be 

 developed in the future, and as they come we must experiment till we 

 find some means of mastering them. 



RASPBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES. 



These two fruits are so near akin that they are subject to the 

 attacks of the same diseases and enemies. The most fatal scourge of 

 red raspberries that I have seen is what is called at Marlboro' the 

 curl-leaf, and, if unchecked, it will eventually banish the famous Hudson 

 River Antwerp from cultivation. As yet, no remedy has been found 

 for it that I am aware of. I believe it to be contagious, and would 

 advise that the plants be dug out and burned immediately, and that 

 plantations of strong, healthy plants be made on new land that has 

 never been in raspberries. I also suggest the free use of wood ashes and 

 well-decayed compost. As far as my experience goes, this disease is 

 confined to foreign varieties, and almost wholly, as yet, to the Antwerps. 



Mr. Fuller, in the paper already named, describes a disease among 

 blackberries that resembles the raspberry curl-leaf so closely that it may 

 be identical, and spring from the same cause. 



" Some ten years ago, the cultivators of the blackberry in various parts of New 

 Jersey noticed that the ends of the young, growing canes, in summer, would occa- 

 sionally curl, twist about, and often assume a singular, fasciated form, resulting in 

 an entire check to their growth. The leaves on these infested shoots did not die 

 and fall off, but merely curled up, sometimes assuming a deeper green than 

 the healthy leaves on the same stalk. At the approach of winter, the infested 

 leaves remained firmly attached to the diseased stems ; and all through the cold 

 weather, and far into the spring, these leaf-laden and diseased s-tins were a con- 

 spicuous object in many of the blackberry plantations of this State. 



" If the infested shoots are examined in summer, thousands of minute insects, of 

 a pale yellow color, and covered with a powdery exudation, will be found sucking 

 the juices of the succulent stem and leaves, causing the crimping, curling, and twist- 

 ing of these parts as described. 



" This parasite resembles somewhat an ordinary green-fly (Aphis) or plant-louse ; 

 but, according to the observations of Professor Riley, it belongs to the closely allied 

 Flea-lice family (Psyttida), distinguished from the plant-lice by a different veining 

 of the wings, and by the antennae being knobbed at the tip, like those of the 

 butterfly, the knob usually terminating in two bristles. These insects jump as 



