152 TETANUS. 



not been designated by a special name by Brieger, it produces also 

 well-marked symptoms of tetanus, but besides excites the salivary 

 and lachrymal glands to increased functional activity. The last, 

 spasmotoxin, produces severe clonic and tonic spasms which pros- 

 trate the animal at once. Besides meat emulsion, the contused 

 brain substance from horses and cattle was used, also cow's milk 

 mixed with carbonate of lime. It seemed that the culture substance 

 determined to a certain extent the kind of toxin which was pro- 

 duced ; thus in cultures grown in brain substance besides tetanin, 

 tetano-toxin was found in greatest quantity; old cultures, in which 

 the tetanus bacilli were dead, produced none of these toxic agents. 



The same author (" Ueber des Yorkommen von Tetaniu bei einem 

 an Wuudstarrkrampf erkraukteu Individ uum," JBerl. Min. Wocken- 

 schrift, April 23, 1888) has very recently been successful in isolating 

 tetaniu from the amputated arm of a patient the subject of tetanus. 

 Tetanus had developed a few days after a severe crushing injury of 

 the hand and forearm. The first symptoms manifested themselves 

 in the morning, and at twelve o'clock (noon) the operation was 

 performed ; at five o'clock, on the same day, the patient expired 

 suddenly during one of the tetanic convulsions. The bacilli of 

 tetanus were found in the serum taken from the oedematous portion 

 of the forearm in connection with other bacilli of different length, 

 staphylococci and streptococci. Serum containing these microbes 

 when injected under the skin of mice, guinea-pigs, and rabbits in- 

 variably produced tetanus ; on the other hand, a dog treated in the 

 same manner, as well as after injections of tetaniu, remained well. 

 A horse inoculated with a culture of bacilli in meat emulsion showed 

 no symptoms of tetanus, but an abscess formed at the point of 

 inoculation. The infiltrated tissues of the amputated forearm planted 

 on sterilized meat emulsion, solid blood-serum, and emulsion made 

 of the flesh of fish, yielded, besides ammonia, only tetaniu ; no trace 

 of tetano-toxin, spasmo-toxin, nor the unnamed toxin which could 

 be obtained from Rosenbach's bacillus. A moderate dose of tetanin 

 injected into the subcutaneous tissue of a horse produced muscular 

 contractions which lasted for a considerable length of time, but the 

 characteristic symptoms of tetanus, as it is seen in horses, did not 

 appear. 



The clinical and experimental researches quoted above demon- 

 strate that the same bacillus is found in the wound secretions, the 

 tissues, and, in some instances, in the blood of tetanic patients, and 

 that tetanus in animals can be produced by injection of wound 

 secretions of tetanic patients, or by using cultivations facts which 

 have sufficiently established the microbic nature of the disease. The 

 stage of incubation, both in man and animals, appears to be extremely 

 variable ; in some instances lasting only twenty-four hours, while 



