GLANDERS IN MAX. 211 



ture from a nodule of a man who had died of glanders after a 

 brief illness. Inoculations were made in a small rodent which is 

 very numerous in the southern part of Russia, the spermophilus 

 guttatus. The course of the disease in this animal was almost the 

 same as in the field mice which were used by Loffler. Of twenty- 

 eight animals infected with different cultures, sixteen died on the 

 fourth day, nine on the fifth, two on the seventh, and one on the 

 tenth. The post-mortem appearances were always characteristic; 

 a greenish-gray infiltration at the point of inoculation, and a num- 

 ber of nodules in the spleen ; in one animal also very small white 

 nodules in the liver. Cultivations from these nodules yielded a 

 pure growth of the bacillus of glanders. 



If an animal is infected by the direct injection of a pure culture 

 into a vein, no serious symptoms are produced, but if soon there- 

 after one or more muscles are injured subcutaneously, the microbes 

 escape through the lacerated vessel sand localize at the seat of injury 

 and produce a grave form of the disease. It has been found by 

 experiment that the further from the trunk prophylactic inocula- 

 tions are made the less intense is the local reaction. When an ani- 

 mal is inoculated at a distance from the trunk and shows no gene- 

 ral symptoms, a subcutaneous injury of any portion of the trunk 

 will furnish conditions for a local form of infection. 



GLANDERS IN MAN. The virus of glanders can only find 

 entrance into the organism through a wounded surface. Whether 

 infection may not also take place through the alimentary canal has 

 so far not been definitely ascertained. It is certain that the disease 

 cannot be contracted by eating boiled or fried meat of animals 

 affected with glanders. Infection through the respiratory organs 

 is possible, as cases have been reported in which the lungs were the 

 primary and only seat of the disease. The disease can also be 

 transmitted from the mother to the foetus in utero. 



When man is the subject of glanders, bacilli are found more con- 

 stantly in the blood than in animals. In the case described by 

 Weichselbaum numerous bacilli could be seen in the blood. In 

 this case a thrombus was found in one of the large meningeal veins 

 which contained numerous bacilli, and which undoubtedly was one 

 of the sources of the bacilli in the circulation. In man the nasal 

 mucous membrane is not as frequently affected as in animals, 

 although Bellinger has shown that in horses the nasal cavity is not 

 always affected, and that it may present a normal condition even 

 when the larynx and lungs are seriously affected. Muscular 

 abscesses which may simulate rheumatism, are a frequent occur- 

 rence, especially in the chronic form of the disease. 



A Russian medical paper of recent date (British Medical Journal, 

 June 11, 1888) states that a young soldier, who had been a wag- 



