INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS. 233 



the puncture as a yellowish-gray film which grew very slowly. 

 Leistikow and Loffler also succeeded best with blood serum. 



INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS. 1. In man. Bumrn found two 

 females who were willing to submit to inoculation experiments. 

 In one a pure culture obtained upon human blood-serum, and in 

 the other a pure culture grown upon animal blood-serum, were 

 applied to the urethra. In both cases a typical gonorrhoea was de- 

 veloped. Numerous gonococci could be found in the pus. These 

 experiments aiforded him a reliable proof of the etiological signifi- 

 cance of the gonococcus. 



Bokai (Allg. med. Central Zeitung, 1880, No. 74) produced gon- 

 orrhoea in two men by the injection of a pure culture into the 

 urethra. 



Bockhardt injected into the urethra of a man, forty -five years of 

 age, suffering from a fatal disease, a pure culture of the gonococcus 

 grown upon meat-infusion-peptone-gelatin, and produced a typical 

 gonorrhoea. On the third day the secretions were examined for the 

 specific microbes, which were found in abundance. On the tenth 

 day the patient died of hypostatic pneumonia. The post-mortem 

 revealed the existence of gonorrhoea! cystitis and nephritis. In the 

 pus of these organs, and in the sections from the fossa navicularis, 

 numerous gonococci were found in the nuclei of the white blood- 

 corpuscles, while the connective-tissue spaces and lymphatic channels 

 appeared to be almost completely blocked by them. The compli- 

 cations which were found, he regards as the direct result of the 

 diffusion of the specific microbes. 



Welander (" Einige Versuche zur Feststellung der Vitaltitat 

 der Gonokokken ausserhalb des menschlichen Korpers," Schmidt's 

 Jahrbucher, B. ccxiv. p. 39) studied the resisting power of the gono- 

 coccus outside of the organism by inoculation experiments. As 

 early as 1884 he made inoculations with negative results with dried 

 gonorrhoeal pus removed three hours to eight days before directly 

 from the urethra. During the year 1886 the same experiments 

 were repeated. In all cases in which inspissated pus was used the 

 inoculation proved harmless. The result was the same whether the 

 pus was used in the dry form, or moistened with water. These 

 experiments prove that the gonococci lose their virulence during 

 the process of drying. To ascertain how long the gonococci will 

 retain their virulence in fluid pus, he removed the pus directly 

 from the diseased urethra and preserved it in capillary glass tubes 

 in the same manner as vaccine virus is preserved. Eour experi- 

 ments were made. In three, the inoculations were made from one 

 to several days after removal ; in all the results were negative. In 

 the fourth case, the inoculation was made with pus removed three 

 hours before. On the third day the infected patient complained of 



