242 SYPHILIS. 



nucleated cells which are more than double the size of leucocytes. 

 The bacilli have been observed in the discharge of the primary 

 lesion, and in the hereditary affections of tertiary gummata. 



STAINING. Lustgarten'a Method. Sections are placed for from 

 twelve to twenty-four hours in the following solution at the ordi- 

 nary temperature of the room, and finally the solution is warmed 

 for two hours at 60 C. (140 F.) : 



Concentrated alcoholic solution of gentian-violet . 11 parts. 

 Aniline water ........ 100 " 



The sections are then placed for a few minutes in absolute alcohol, 

 and from this transferred to a 1.5 per cent, solution of permanganate 

 of potassium. After ten minutes they are immersed for a moment 

 in a pure concentrated solution of sulphurous acid. If the section 

 is not completely decolorized, immersion in the alcohol and in the 

 acid must be repeated three or four times. The sections are finally 

 dehydrated with absolute alcohol, cleared with clove-oil, and 

 mounted in Canada balsam. Giacomi has simplified and improved 

 this method. He immerses cover-glass preparations by staining 

 them for a few moments in a solution of fuchsin, after which they 

 are washed in water to which a few drops of a solution of chloride 

 of iron have been added. Complete decolorization is effected in a 

 concentrated solution of chloride of iron. 



Doutrelepont and Schiitz obtained good results by staining in a 

 one per cent, gentian solution, decolorizing in a solution of nitric 

 acid 1:15, and after-staining with safranin ; after which they are 

 dehydrated in a sixty per cent, solution of alcohol, cleared in clove- 

 oil, and mounted in Canada balsam. After this process the bacilli 

 are stained blue and the tissues red. 



Gottstein immersed the sections for twenty-four hours in fuchsin 

 solution, after which they were washed in water and transferred 

 into pure or diluted tincture of chloride of iron, dehydrated in 

 alcohol, and cleared up in oil of cloves or xylol, when they are 

 ready to be embedded in Canada balsam. This method stains the 

 bacilli a red or dark violet color. 



CULTIVATION EXPERIMENTS. Lustgarten's cultivation experi- 

 ments did not succeed. Few attempts to reproduce the bacillus 

 upon different nutrient media have yielded positive results. Klebs 

 succeeded best in cultivating them upon a gelatin prepared from 

 the bladder of a kind of sturgeon (Hansenblasen-gallerte) found in 

 some of the rivers of Russia. Inoculations of gelatin kept at the 

 ordinary temperature of the room produced, after thirty-seven days, 

 around the implanted piece of tissue a grayish-yellow culture. In 

 one instance the same culture medium was inoculated with the 

 blood of an infected monkey, when on the fifth day a brownish 



