ELM. 221 



calculable what a quantity of these trees were 

 swallowed by the numberless streets of our 

 monstrous capital before iron pipes were 

 placed in its stomach; and which, together 

 with substituting that metal instead of elm 

 for our last habitations, must be the means of 

 making elm timber more plentiful for other 

 purposes. 



Captain Woodroofe's Journal informs us, 

 that the greater part of the Persian vessels 

 are built of elm timber, which abounds in the 

 province of Peribazar. 



Evelyn says in his Sylva, " Elm timber is of 

 singular use ; especially where it may lie con- 

 tinually dry, or wet, in extremes ; therefore, 

 proper for water-works, mills, the ladles and 

 soles of the wheels, pipes, pumps, aqueducts, 

 pales, ship-planks beneath the water-line, &c. 

 &c. A second-rate charcoal is made from this 

 wood, and rails and gates of elm, thin sawed, 

 are not so apt to rive as oak." 



It has scarcely any superior for kirbs of 

 coppers, feather edge, and weather boards ; 

 but it does not without difficulty admit the 

 nail, without boring. His Grace the Duke 

 of Devonshire planted 54,143 young elms on 

 his estates between the years 1816 and 1819. 



It was much more common formerly than 

 at present in the southern counties of Eng- 

 land, for weather boarding the sides of barns, 



