BOOK I 



affection between animals ; instances of affection 

 between snakes. (xcvii f.) Sleep of animals ; wliich 

 species sleep ? Total : 794 facts, investigations and 

 observations. 



Authorities : Manilius, CorneHus V^alerian, 

 Records, Umbricius Melior, Masurius Sabinus, Antis- 

 tius Labeo, Trogus, Cremutius, Marcus Varro, 

 Aemihus Macer, Melissus, Mucianus, Nepos, Fabius 

 Pictor, Titus Lucretius, Cornelius Celsus, Horace, 

 Deculo, Hyginus, the Saseiniae, Nigidius, MamiUus 

 Sura. Foreign authorities : Homer, Phemonoe, 

 Philemon, Boethus's Ornithogonia, Hylas's Anguries, 

 Aristotle, Theophrastus, Callimachus, Aeschylus, 

 King Hiero, King Philometor, Ai-chytas of Tarentum, 

 Amphilochus of Athens, Anaxipohs of Thasos, 

 Apollodorus of Lemnos, Aristophanes of Miletus, 

 Antigonus of Cumae, Agathocles of Chios, Apollonius 

 of Pergamum, Aristander of Athens, Bacchius of 

 Miletus, Bion of SoU, Chaereas of Athens, Diodorus of 

 Priene, Dion of Colophon, Democritus, Diophanes of 

 Nicaea, Epigenes of Rhodes, Evagon of Thasos, 

 Euphronius of Athens, Juba, Androtion On Agriculture, 

 Aeschrio ditto, Lysimachus diito, Dionysius's transla- 

 tion of Mago, Diophanes's epitome of Dionysius, 

 Nicander, Onesicritus, Phylarchus, Hesiod. 



Book XL Subject — the kinds of insects. (i) 

 Nature 's subtlety in this department. (ii) Do insects 

 breathe ? have they blood ? (iii) Their bodies. 

 (iv-xxiii) Bees — structure of their comb ; its materials, 

 gum, pitch-wax, bee-glue, bee-bread {sandarach, 

 cerinikus) ; flowers from which materials derived ; 

 instances of bee-lovers ; drones ; nature of honey ; 

 the best honey; unique local varieties of honey; 

 test of varieties; heather (heath, sisyrus); repro- 



57 



