BOOK V. xLii. 148-150 



Bryazon, Plataneus, Areus, Aesyrus and Geodos, 

 another name for which is Chrysorrhoas, and the head- 

 land on which formerly the town of Megarice stood : 

 owing to which the gulf used to have the name of 

 Craspedites," because that town Avas a sort of tassel 

 011 its fringe. There was also formerly the tovm of 

 Astacus, owing to which the gulf in question was 

 also called Astacus Bay. Also there was a town 

 called Libyssa at the place where there is now only 

 the tomb of Hannibal ; and also at the far extremity 

 of the bay stands the famous city of Bithynian 

 Nicomedia. Cape Leucatas which shuts in Astacus 

 Bay is 37| miles from Nicomedia ; and then the 

 coasthnes come together again, forminjj narrows 

 that extend as far as the Straits of Constantinople. 

 On these narrows are the free city of Calchadon,* 

 previously called Procerastis, 62| miles from Nico- 

 demia, then Colpusa, afterwards Bhnd Men's Town 

 — a name implying that its founders did not know 

 how to choose a site, Byzantium a site so much more 

 attractive in every respect being less than a mile 

 away ! Inland in Bithynia are the colony of Apamea, 

 Agrippenses, JuhopoHtae and Bithynion. The rivers 

 are the Syrium, Laphias, Pharnacias, Alces, Serinis, 

 Lilaeus, Scopius and Hieros, which forms the frontier 

 between Bithynia and Galatia. Beyond Calchadon 

 formerly stood ChrysopoUs. Then Nicopohs, from 

 which comes the name still given to the bay contain- 

 ing Port of Amycus ; then Cape Naulochum, Hestiae 

 and Neptune's Temple. Then come the Straits of 

 Constantinople, the channel half a mile wide which 

 again separates Asia froin Europe, 12| miles from 

 Calchadon. Then the mouth of the Straits, 8| miles 

 wide, where once stood the town of SpiropoUs. The 



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