BOOK VI. XXI. 64-xxn. 66 



name of Bfagmanae, among them the Mactocalingae ; 

 the rivers are the Prinas and Cainnas, the latter a 

 tributary of the Ganges, both of them navigable ; 

 then the tribes of the Calingae nearest the sea, and 

 further inhind the Mandaei, the MalH occupying 

 Mount Mallus, and the river Ganges, which is the 

 boundary of this region. 



XXII. The Ganges is said by some people to rise The Gangea 

 from unk.no^\Ti sources like the Nile and to irrigate "^^ 'feiwns. 

 the neighbouring country in the same manner, but 

 others say that its source is in the mountains of 

 Scj^hia, and that it has nineteen tributaries, among 

 which the navigable ones besides those already 

 mentioned are the Crenacca, Rhamnumbova, 

 Casuagus and Sonus. Others state that it biu"sts 

 forth ^Wth a loud roar at its very source, and after 

 faUing over crags and chffs, as soon as it reaches 

 fairly level country finds hospitality in a certain lake, 

 and flows out of it in a gentle stream ^vith a breadth 

 of 8 miles where narrowest, and 12^ miles as its 

 average width, and nowhere less than 100 feet deep, 

 the last race situated on its banks being that of the 

 Gangarid Cahngae : the city where their king hves 

 is called Pertahs. This monarch has 60,000 infantry, 

 1000 cavalry and 700 elephants always equipped 

 ready for active service. For the peoples of the 

 more civihsed Indian races are divided into many 

 classes in their mode of Hfe : they cultivate the land, 

 others engage in military service, others export 

 native merchandise and import goods from abroad, 

 while the best and wealthiest administer the govern- 

 ment and serve as judges and as counsellors of the 

 kings. Tliere is a fifth class of persons devoted to 

 wisdom, which is held in high honour with these 



387 



