BOOK VI. xx.wni. 2io-x.\xi.\. 212 



one and a half times the size of Asia, and two and 

 one sixth times the width of Africa. Combining 

 all these figiires together, it Mdll be clearly manifest 

 that Europe is a httle more than -}^ -\- |th, Asia 

 i + TT*^' ^^^ Africa ^ -(- /o^tli, of the whole earth. 



XXXIX. To these we shall further add one Dinsionof 

 theory of Greek discovery showing the most re- sur/ace mto 

 condite ingenuity, so that notlung may be wanting Paraiuu. 

 in our sur%'ey of the geography of the world, and so 

 that now thc various regions have been indicated, 

 it may be also learnt what alhance or reiationship 

 of days and nights each of the regions has, and in 

 which of them the shadows are of the same length 

 and the Morld's convexity is equal. An account ^vill 

 therefore be given of this also, and the whole earth 

 will be mapped out in accordance with the consti- 

 tuent parts of the heavens. 



The world has a number of segments to wliich 

 our countrymen give the name of ' circles ' and which 

 the Greelcs call ' parallels '. The first place belongs 

 to the southward part of India, extending as far as 

 Arabia and the people inliabiting the coast of the 

 Red Sea. This segment includes the Gedrosians, 

 Carmanians, Persians, and El\Tnaeans, Parthyene, 

 Aria, Susiane, Mesopotamia, Babylonian Seleucia, 

 Arabia as far as Petra, Hollow Syria, Pelusium, 

 the lower parts of Egypt called Chora, Alexandria, 

 thecoastal parts of Africa, all the towns of Cyrenaica, 

 Thapsus, Hadrumetum, Clupea, Carthage, Utica, 

 the two Hippos, Numidia, the two Mauretanias, 

 the Atlantic Ocean, the Straits of Gibraltar. In 

 this latitude, at noon at the time of the equinox a 

 sundial-pin or ' gnomon ' 7 ft. long casts a shadow 

 not more than 4 ft. long, while the longest night 



495 



